The invention relates to an intelligent detection system of special metallurgical vehicle wheel set bearings. The system comprises a rotating platform, a hydraulic pump, a touch display, a personal computer, a computer cabinet, a signal switchboard, a signal acquisition card, an 8-path relay output module, a vibration sensor, a rotating speed sensor, a hydraulic sensor, connecting wires for each part, a signal communication module, a driving control module, a data acquisition and processing module and a data warning and report generating module. A wheel set is placed on the rotating platform, the computer controls the wheel set to be lifted to a designated position, vibration acceleration sensors are placed at horizontal positions of bearing at both sides of the wheel set, and belt pulleys are driven by a motor to rub with the wheel set. When the rotating speed keeps constant, the wheels stay in the uniform rotation state, vibration signals are started to be collected, test data is stored after collection, and the wheel set is put back to the original position. The software can analyze whether the wheel set has bearing faults through the rotating speed, the current bearing model and the vibration signal. With the detection system, the accuracy rate and the real-time performance are effectively increased, the detection time is reduced, and the detection cost is reduced.