32results about How to "Minimize conversion" patented technology

The present invention relates to a layered catalyst composite useful for reducing contaminants in exhaust gas streams, especially gaseous streams containing sulfur oxide contaminants. More specifically, the present invention is concerned with improved catalysts of the type generally referred to as “three-way conversion” catalysts. The layered catalysts trap sulfur oxide contaminants, which tend to poison three-way conversion catalysts used to abate other pollutants in the stream. The layered catalyst composites of the present invention have a sulfur oxide absorbing layer before or above a nitrogen oxide absorbing layer, and / or normal three-way catalytic layers. The layered catalyst composite comprises a first layer and a second layer. The first layer comprises a first support and at least one first platinum component. The second layer comprises a second support and a SOx sorbent component after forming its reaction product with SOx having a free energy of formation from about 0 to about −90 Kcal / mole at 350° C. The sulfur oxide absorbing layer selectively and reversibly absorbs sulfur oxides over nitrogen oxides and prevents or alleviates sulfur oxide poisoning of the nitrogen oxide trap.

A method of arranging and fabricating parallel primary and secondary coils of a wideband planar transformer is provided. The spacing and width of the coils are disposed to extend the bandwidth from DC to GHz and allow for high frequency coupling when the core permeability dramatically drops and achieves low reflected energy and low loss over a wide bandwidth. A bottom mold having a pattern of hole-pairs with conductive elements inserted vertically couples to a top mold such that a middle portion of the conductive elements spans between the top and bottom molds. Dielectric material envelopes the middle portion and a displacement feature of the mold creates a vacancy. A ferrite element is deposited to the vacancy. A second top mold spans the bottom mold and dielectric material is deposited to create a molded assembly. A deposited patterned conductive coating connects the element ends to define the transformer coils.

The present invention relates to a layered catalyst composite useful for reducing contaminants in exhaust gas streams, especially gaseous streams containing sulfur oxide contaminants. More specifically, the present invention is concerned with improved catalysts of the type generally referred to as “three-way conversion” catalysts. The layered catalysts trap sulfur oxide contaminants which tend to poison three-way conversion catalysts used to abate other pollutants in the stream. The layered catalyst composites of the present invention have a sulfur oxide absorbing layer before or above a nitrogen oxide absorbing layer. The layered catalyst composite comprises a first layer and a second layer. The first layer comprises a first support and at least one first platinum component. The second layer comprises a second support and a SOx sorbent component having a free energy of formation from about 0 to about −90 Kcal / mole at 350° C. The sulfur oxide absorbing layer selectively and reversibly absorbs sulfur oxides over nitrogen oxides and prevents or alleviates sulfur oxide poisoning of the nitrogen oxide trap.

A method of manufacturing a tandem-type thin film photoelectric conversion device includes the steps of forming at least one photoelectric conversion unit (3) on a substrate (1) in a deposition apparatus, taking out the substrate (1) having the photoelectric conversion unit (3) from the deposition apparatus to the air, introducing the substrate (1) into a deposition apparatus and carrying out plasma exposure processing on the substrate (1) in an atmosphere of a gas mixture containing an impurity for determining the conductivity type of the same conductivity type as that of the uppermost conductivity type layer (33) and hydrogen, forming a conductivity type intermediate layer (5) by additionally supplying semiconductor raw gas to the deposition apparatus, and then forming a subsequent photoelectric conversion unit (4).

Compositions for reduction of gas phase reduced nitrogen species and NOx generated during a partial or incomplete combustion catalytic cracking process, preferably, a fluid catalytic cracking process, are disclosed. The compositions comprise (i) an acidic metal oxide containing substantially no zeolite, (ii) an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, and mixtures thereof, (iii) an oxygen storage component, and (iv) a noble metal component, preferably rhodium or iridium, and mixtures thereof, are disclosed. Preferably, the compositions are used as separate additives particles circulated along with the circulating FCC catalyst inventory. Reduced emissions of gas phase reduced nitrogen species and NOx in an effluent off gas of a partial or incomplete combustion FCC regenerator provide for an overall NOx reduction as the effluent gas stream is passed from the FCC regenerator to a CO boiler, whereby as CO is oxidized to CO2 a lesser amount of the reduced nitrogen species is oxidized to NOx.

Compositions for reduction of gas phase reduced nitrogen species and NOx generated during a partial or incomplete combustion catalytic cracking process, preferably, a fluid catalytic cracking process, are disclosed. The compositions comprise (i) an acidic metal oxide containing substantially no zeolite, (ii) an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, and mixtures thereof, (iii) an oxygen storage component, and (iv) a noble metal component, preferably rhodium or iridium, and mixtures thereof, are disclosed. Preferably, the compositions are used as separate additives particles circulated along with the circulating FCC catalyst inventory. Reduced emissions of gas phase reduced nitrogen species and NOx in an effluent off gas of a partial or incomplete combustion FCC regenerator provide for an overall NOx reduction as the effluent gas stream is passed from the FCC regenerator to a CO boiler, whereby as CO is oxidized to CO2 a lesser amount of the reduced nitrogen species is oxidized to NOx.

An image processing application employs the concept of integral pre-multiplied alpha channel, and combines the techniques of multi-resolution representation, graph-structured representation, and automatic and intelligent data type conversion in order to permit a computer user to mix and manipulate both raster and vector based images in a single user interface while remaining unaware of the different data types underlying the images.

An image processing application employs the concept of integral pre-multiplied alpha channel, and combines the techniques of multi-resolution representation, graph-structured representation, and automatic and intelligent data type conversion in order to permit a computer user to mix and manipulate both raster and vector based images in a single user interface while remaining unaware of the different data types underlying the images.

Disclosed are an image forming apparatus and a menu select and display method thereof. A select and display method of a menu which is displayed on a (touch) screen of an image forming apparatus, the method includes: displaying an initial screen including at least one menu list to perform at least one of functions of the image forming apparatus; selecting one of the displayed menu lists by touch; and displaying in the selected menu area a first subordinate menu corresponding to the menu area to set an option for the selected menu without converting the remaining menus. With this, an image forming apparatus and a menu select and display method thereof selectively converts a selected menu area only and displays a subordinate menu to set an option for the menu to thereby reduce a load arising from the conversion and returning of the overall screen and reduces user's inconvenience.

A method, system, and program product to migrate data from a data table in a data source to a data table in a target. This is done initiating processes, typically two parallel batch processes, with one of the processes unloading the data from the data source and uploading the data into the data target, and the other of the processes loading the source data into a database at the data target. Preferably the processes are parallel batch process. The processes are initiated from the data target.

Compositions for reduction of gas phase reduced nitrogen species and NOx generated during a partial or incomplete combustion catalytic cracking process, preferably, a fluid catalytic cracking process, are disclosed. The compositions comprise (i) an acidic metal oxide containing substantially no zeolite, (ii) an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, and mixtures thereof, (iii) an oxygen storage component, and (iv) a noble metal component, preferably rhodium or iridium, and mixtures thereof, are disclosed. Preferably, the compositions are used as separate additives particles circulated along with the circulating FCC catalyst inventory. Reduced emissions of gas phase reduced nitrogen species and NOx in an effluent off gas of a partial or incomplete combustion FCC regenerator provide for an overall NOx reduction as the effluent gas stream is passed from the FCC regenerator to a CO boiler, whereby as CO is oxidized to CO2 a lesser amount of the reduced nitrogen species is oxidized to NOx.

Polyester compositions, especially polyethylene terephthalate homopolymer and copolymers, are disclosed containing titanium catalysts and catalyst deactivator added late in the manufacturing processing having reduced acetaldehyde generation rates. The polyester compositions are low in free acetaldehyde, making them suitable for fabrication into beverage containers for relatively tasteless beverages such as bottle water. Furthermore, the polyesters are polymerized to a high inherent viscosity in reduced processing time, without the necessity of further polymerization in the solid state, and in the absence of acetaldehyde scavengers leading to polyester polymers having reduced color.

A NOx reduction composition and process of using the composition to reduce the content of NOx emissions and gas phase reduced nitrogen species released from the regeneration zone during fluid catalytic cracking of a hydrocarbon feedstock into lower molecular weight components is disclosed. The process comprises contacting a hydrocarbon feedstock during a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process wherein a regeneration zone of an fluid catalytic cracking unit (FCCU) is operated in a partial or incomplete combustion mode under FCC conditions, with a circulating inventory of an FCC cracking catalyst and a particulate NOx reduction composition. The NOx reduction composition has a mean particle size of greater than 45 μm and comprises (1) a zeolite component having (i) a pore size of form 2-7 A Angstroms and (ii) a SiO2 to Al2O3 molar ratio of less than 500, and (2) at least one noble metal selected from the group consisting of platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium, osmium, ruthenium, rhenium and mixtures thereof.

A NOx reduction composition and process of using the composition to reduce the content of NOx emissions and gas phase reduced nitrogen species released from the regeneration zone during fluid catalytic cracking of a hydrocarbon feedstock into lower molecular weight components is disclosed. The process comprises contacting a hydrocarbon feedstock during a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process wherein a regeneration zone of an fluid catalytic cracking unit (FCCU) is operated in a partial or incomplete combustion mode under FCC conditions, with a circulating inventory of an FCC cracking catalyst and a particulate NOx reduction composition. The NOx reduction composition has a mean particle size of greater than 45 μm and comprises (1) a zeolite component having (i) a pore size of form 2-7 A Angstroms and (ii) a SiO2 to Al2O3 molar ratio of less than 500, and (2) at least one noble metal selected from the group consisting of platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium, osmium, ruthenium, rhenium and mixtures thereof.

The invention provides a highly-reliable, low-loss non-radiative dielectric waveguide. According to one aspect of the invention, a non-radiative dielectric waveguide comprises parallel planar conductors arranged at an interval of half or below of a high-frequency signal wavelength, and a dielectric strip interposed between the parallel planar conductors. The dielectric strip has a 0.01 to 0.3 mm-wide chamfer formed at its edge portion in a high-frequency signal transmission direction. According to another aspect of the invention, a non-radiative dielectric waveguide comprises parallel planar conductors arranged at an interval of half or below of a high-frequency signal wavelength, and a dielectric strip interposed between the parallel planar conductors. The dielectric strip is made of a ceramics having an open pore ratio of 5% or less.

A FCC process for the maximization of medium distillates from feedstocks of different sources, by the contact of the feedstock which circulates in a riser reactor together with a fine particulate catalyst from a regenerator (6), under FCC conditions of maximum LCO, at temperatures between about 480° C. and about 520° C., in the absence of added hydrogen, and with injection of coolant or quench to a riser ascendant R, and where the process consists of the injection of a coolant proportion between about 200 and about 50 kg / m3 of feedstock, preferably between about 100 and about 50 kg / m3 of feedstock, in a zone (3) of the riser ascendant R in a position located between about 25% and about 50% of the height of said riser R above the feedstock inlet mouths (2), the injection in this position resulting in the increase of the catalyst circulation and the temperature increase in the starting segment of the riser, yielding the production of medium distillates with low aromatic compounds content and bottoms conversion lower than when the coolant injection is employed in the base of the riser R as it is handled in the prior art processes.

The present invention relates to a process for the work-up of polymer solutions comprising N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and a polymer where the polymer solution is hydrogenated with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst.The present invention also relates to the product obtainable from said process, and to its use for producing, in particular, polyarylene ether products.

A circuit board comprises at least a first wiring layer, a second wiring layer and a via. The first wiring layer is formed with a pair of first ends, a pair of second ends, a coupling portion, a pair of first trace portions and a pair of second trace portions. The coupling portion has a pair of first coupling points, a pair of second coupling points, an inner trace portion, an outer trace portion and a ground conductor portion. The inner trace portion has a length equal to a length of the outer trace portion. The ground conductor portion is arranged between the inner trace portion and the outer trace portion. The second wiring layer is formed with a ground pattern. The ground conductor portion is connected with the ground pattern through the via.

A message router for routing data repository messages between a plurality of computer systems, wherein the computer systems include data repositories having disparate syntaxes. The message router can include a conversion engine for translating content in a received message from a syntax corresponding to a data repository of an originating computer system to a syntax corresponding to a data repository of at least one target computer system.

Products and methods for modifying apolipoprotein B mRNA editing in vivo, reducing serum LDL levels, and treating or preventing an atherogenic disease or disorder are disclosed. Such methods involve the use of a protein including APOBEC-1 or fragments thereof which can edit mRNA encoding apolipoprotein B. The protein including APOBEC-1 can be taken up by cells in the form of a delivery vehicle, such as a liposome or niosome, or directly as a chimeric protein which includes a first polypeptide that includes a protein transduction domain and a second polypeptide that includes APOBEC-1 or a fragment thereof which can edit mRNA encoding apolipoprotein B.

A process that catalytically converts olefinic (Alkenes, typically liquid at standard temperature and pressure) material in thermally cracked streams to meet olefin content specifications for crude oil transport pipelines. A thermally cracked stream or portion of a thermally cracked stream is selectively reacted to reduce the olefin content within a reactor operating at specific, controlled conditions in the presence of a catalyst and the absence of supplemental hydrogen. The process catalyst is comprised of a blend of select catalyzing metals supported on an alumina, silica or shape selective zeolite substrate together with appropriate pore acidic components.

A process that catalytically converts olefinic (Alkenes, typically liquid at standard temperature and pressure) material in thermally cracked streams to meet olefin content specifications for crude oil transport pipelines. A thermally cracked stream or portion of a thermally cracked stream is selectively reacted to reduce the olefin content within a reactor operating at specific, controlled conditions in the presence of a catalyst and the absence of supplemental hydrogen. The process catalyst is comprised of a blend of select catalyzing metals supported on an alumina, silica or shape selective zeolite substrate together with appropriate pore acidic components.