The invention discloses an agricultural soil drilling machine. The agricultural soil drilling machine comprises a left bottom plate, a right bottom plate, a left vertical rod, a right vertical rod, aleft sliding rail, a right sliding rail, a left sliding block, a right sliding block, a cross beam, a lead screw, a first bearing pedestal, a first bearing, a first motor, a second bearing pedestal, asecond bearing, a rotating shaft, a motor base, a second motor, a third bearing pedestal, a third bearing, a soil drilling machine and the like. The structure is reasonable and simple, the productioncost is low, the installation is convenient, the carrying is convenient, the labor is not required to be consumed in the driving and pulling process, and the sampling efficiency is high; the two specifications of soil drilling machines are arranged, and the soil drilling machines of different specifications can be conveniently selected for different types of soil; the two bottom plates are provided with taper rods which can be inserted into the ground, so that the whole equipment can be prevented from toppling over.