The invention discloses a pneumatic ice storage air conditioning device for downhole rescue. The pneumatic ice storage air conditioning device comprises a mechanical refrigeration module consisting of a compressor, a safety valve, an oil separator, a condenser, a liquid storage device, a drying filter, a liquid spraying valve, a thermal bypass valve, a gas-liquid separator, a stop valve and the like, an ice storage box module consisting of liquid sight glass, a thermal expansion valve, an ice storage box, a stop valve and the like, a gas path module consisting of a compressed air source, an air filter, a pressure release valve, an atomized lubricator, a pneumatic motor, a flow adjustment valve, a pneumatic condensation fan, a muffler and the like, and a cold release module of a compressed air steel bottle, an adjustment hand valve, a pressure adjuster, a pneumatic fan, a muffler and the like. The pneumatic ice storage air conditioning device for downhole rescue is high in refrigeration efficiency; downhole compressed air is used as an air source, and no power supply is needed in a working process; a refrigeration system adopts a supercooling design; the system can realize continuous running, and a press does not need to be automatically controlled to be switched on and switched off; the compressor is connected with the pneumatic motor through a belt in a transmission manner; the pneumatic ice storage air conditioning device is high in assembling efficiency, and the transmission ratio is controllable.