The invention provides a utility pipe gallery health monitoring system based on a fiber grating. The system comprises distributed type multi-category sensor synchronous acquisition equipment, whereinan upper computer is connected with the distributed type multi-category sensor synchronous acquisition equipment; a sensor used for monitoring a concrete pipe gallery seam position crack, a sensor used for monitoring concrete pipe gallery sedimentation, a sensor used for monitoring the horizontal displacement of the concrete pipe gallery, and a sensor used for monitoring a running water pipeline flange crack are independently arranged in the utility pipe gallery, and the sensors are all fiber grating sensors; and the distributed type multi-category sensor synchronous acquisition equipment collects the data of each sensor in real time, and sends the data of each sensor to the upper computer, and meanwhile, the command of the upper computer is received to carry out corresponding data acquisition so as to realize utility pipe gallery health monitoring. By use of the system, advanced technologies, including the sensors, computers, communication, networks and the like, are combined into a whole, functions are powerful, the system can be truly used for the structural damage and state evaluation of the underground utility pipe gallery for a long time, and the requirements of the operationand maintenance management of the underground utility pipe gallery are met.