The invention discloses a top-blowing and bottom-blowing dual-purpose smelting device which comprises a converter, a converter cover, a support, a driving mechanism for driving the converter to rotate and a converting mechanism, a converter body of the converter is spherical, the converter is rotatably connected with the support, a refractory lining is arranged in the converter, a discharging pipe for discharging smoke is arranged at the connecting position of the converter and the support, the converting mechanism comprises a top-blowing pipe, a bottom-blowing structure and an air-inlet pipe, the top-blowing pipe and the bottom-blowing structure are both fixed to the converter cover, the top-blowing pipe and the converter cover are coaxially arranged, the top-blowing pipe is provided with a fireproof wrapping layer, the bottom-blowing structure is arranged at the inner side of the converter cover, the bottom-blowing structure is cylindrical and can be inserted into a converter opening of the converter, the outer wall of the bottom-blowing structure is tightly attached to the inner wall of the converter opening, the bottom-blowing structure is made of the same material as the refractory lining, a plurality of air holes are reserved in the bottom-blowing structure, all the air holes communicate to the air-inlet pipe, the converter cover and the converting mechanism can synchronously move along with rotation of the converter, and the converting mechanism is further provided with a pipeline control mechanism used for limiting the movement path of the air-inlet pipe.