The invention provides an X-ray automatic detection device and method for detecting the quality of a transformer coil. The device comprises a rotating platform, a base, a coil tray, bamboo joint typeelectric hanging brackets, an X-ray generator, an X-ray receiver, and a portal frame.The rotating platform is fixed to the ground, the base is arranged at the top of the rotating platform, the coil tray is arranged at the top of the base, the number of the bamboo joint type electric hanging brackets is two, the two bamboo joint type electric hanging brackets are respectively arranged on a beam ofthe portal frame, and the X-ray generator and the X-ray receiver are fixed at the bottoms of the two bamboo joint type electric hanging brackets respectively. The device is high in automation degree,long in continuous detection time and high in detection efficiency, manpower is greatly saved, the detection result is accurate, and the outgoing quality of the transformer coil is guaranteed.