The invention discloses a mobile robot navigation map generation method based on ORB_SLAM2. The method comprises the following steps: step one, carrying out visual information collection; to be specific, enabling a mobile robot to move freely in a three-dimensional environment and collecting image information and depth information through a depth sensor; step two, on the basis of an ORB_SLAM2 algorithm, estimating pose information of the robot, carrying out local BA pose information optimization, screening key frames, selecting one key frame, outputting the pose information of the key frame, providing a sensor reference transformation matrix for creating a navigation map, and updating pose information of each key frame according to the global BA optimization under the condition of detecting a loop; and step three, carrying out map updating; to be specific, generating a three-dimensional map based on a skip list tree according to the pose information and carrying out updating continuously according to pose information of the new key frame. According to the invention, an efficient three-dimensional map is created by utilizing the depth image information; and the map uses the skip list tree structure as a data structure of the three-dimensional map, so that positioning, navigation and obstacle avoidance of the mobile robot can be realized in real time.