The invention discloses a test device and method for measuring the self-cleaning performance of a bionic adhesion functional surface. The invention belongs to the technical field of biomimetic material mechanics and functional surface design and preparation. The device comprises a bottom base plate, a horizontal linear displacement table, a first angle adjusting mechanism, a second angle adjustingmechanism, an L-shaped connecting plate, a vertical linear displacement table, a middle connecting plate, a first tension and compression sensor, an L-shaped supporting plate, a second tension and compression sensor, a sample table, a bearing sheet, a glass slide, a glass slide supporting plate and a vertical supporting plate. According to the invention, the self-cleaning efficiency of a functional surface of a to-be-tested sample can be measured, and the influence of different self-cleaning cycle times, different preloading forces and different microscale motion modes on the self-cleaning performance of the to-be-tested sample is studied.