The application provides a molecular marker and identification method for identifying genuine producing areas and non-genuine producing areas of Astragalus membranaceus. The molecular marker contains a nucleotide sequence with a polymorphism of A / T at the 131st base of the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 of the 5th exon of Am02G035490 of the Astragalus membranaceus genome. The application also provides a method for identifying the genuine producing areas of Astragalus membranaceus by using the SNP molecular marker, which provides technical support for the precise traceability, stable quality and healthy and orderly development of the Astragalus membranaceus industry of the genuine producing areas of Astragalus membranaceus.