The invention provides a method and device for maintaining power transmission and transformation equipment. The method comprises the following steps of: acquiring data required by equipment maintenance decisions, such as equipment state quantity index warning information data acquired from a monitoring warning layer, state evaluation result data acquired from a state evaluation layer, fault diagnosis result data acquired from a fault diagnosis layer, risk evaluation result data acquired from a risk evaluation layer, maintenance decision suggestion data generated by a maintenance policy layer and external constraint conditions; and carrying out decision analysis on the acquired data, establishing an equipment state maintenance policy model, optimizing maintenance sequence, maintenance time and maintenance grade of the power transmission and transformation equipment, and determining equipment maintenance property as well as arranging a maintenance decision plan. By using the method and device, key equipment faults and unnecessary maintenance operations can be avoided by timely maintenances, and the optimal distribution and use are searched in limited maintenance cost, thus effectively saving manpower and material resources.