The invention provides a device and a method for measuring the thermal distortion of a polarized beam splitter mirror. The device comprises a solid laser, a focusing lens, an energy optical fiber, an optical fiber shaping lens group, a beam splitter prism, a transmission plane mirror, a polarized beam splitter mirror, a zero-degree color filter, an attenuation light filter, a Fizeau interferometer and a computer, wherein the laser emitted from the solid laser is coupled to the energy optical fiber through the focusing lens, transmitted into a measuring room through the energy optical fiber, and is further radiated to the surface of the polarized beam splitter mirror in a theta angle through the optical fiber shaping lens group and the beam splitter prism; and the light emitted from the Fizeau interferometer is vertically radiated to the polarized beam splitter mirror through the light attenuation light filter and the zero-degree color filter. The device for measuring the thermal distortion of the polarized beam splitter mirror has the characteristics of simple structure, good stability and strong interference resistance, wavefront distortion of an optical film element under a laser radiation can be measured without contact, and moreover, the measurement can be carried out in continuous, single pulse or repeated pulse laser radiation.