The invention relates to a multi-scale model for thermal safety evaluation of a hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene propellant. The multi-scale model which has clear physical significance, high accuracy and high adaptability is built from the meso-scale to the macro-scale on multiple complicated physical-chemical phenomena of heat conduction and chemical reaction of the hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene propellant. The method for building the model comprises the steps of building a meso calculation model of the hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene propellant, determining the multi-scale correlation method from meso to macro, and building a macro calculation model of the hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene propellant. Compared with the prior art, the multi-scale model has the advantages that the evaluation system adopted by the method includes two scales which are the macro scale and the meso scale, and three levels which are storage environment, grain structure and hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene propellant microstructure, the structure is clear, and decomposition and combination are easy, multi-scale evaluation of various levels of safety performance can be achieved, and the multi-scale model is simple and easy to obtain.