The invention provides a test mold for corrosion of reinforced concrete and a stress monitoring method for a corrosion process. The stress monitoring method comprises the following steps: firstly, producing an experimental test mold which takes a concrete test sample with reinforcing steel bars as a main part, wherein a micro-strain gage with a wire is arranged inside the reinforcing steel bar; secondly, enabling a CCD camera and a strain acquisition instrument to be communicated for respectively monitoring the outer part and the inner part of a reinforced concrete specimen; obtaining a strainvalue of the reinforced concrete specimen by processing and conversing of a digital image correlation system. The monitoring method has the advantages of lower requirements on measuring environment and vibration isolation, high controllability and short cycle of finishing single test; the reinforced concrete specimen has the advantages of easiness in processing and preparation, small occupied space, low cost and simple preparation; in addition, full-field real-time monitoring of the corrosion in the whole life cycle of a reinforced concrete specimen structure can be carried out, and an overall macroscopic model can be obtained. The stress monitoring method for the corrosion process, disclosed by the invention, can be carried out in a laboratory, or can be combined with engineering practice for real-time monitoring, and provides a novel measurement method for structural safety evaluation.