329 results about "Shape moiré" patented technology

A method and apparatus for surface measurement using the shadow moire effect with the Talbot effect. The apparatus includes a specimen mount to receive a specimen having a surface to be measured, and a reference grating mounted adjacent to the specimen mount so as to be substantially parallel to a mean surface plane of the specimen. The reference grating is mounted in such a manner that the distance between the reference grating and the mean surface plane of the specimen can be adjusted to a Talbot distance deltaT. The apparatus also includes a light source to illuminate the specimen through the grating and a detector positioned to detect the moire fringes produced by the grating due to variation of the surface of the specimen.

An alignment system for aligning two elements includes an alignment target with periodic patterns on each element. The alignment target includes two locations, at least one of which has a designed in offset. If desired, both locations may have designed in offsets of the same magnitude but in opposite directions. The diffraction patterns produced at the two locations are compared. If the difference between the patterns is at a minimum, the elements are properly aligned. When an alignment error is introduced, however, the calculated difference can be used to determine the error. In another embodiment, bands in the moiré fringes from the different locations may be compared to determine the alignment error. The two elements may then be moved relative to each other to minimize the alignment error. Thus, the alignment target may advantageously be used in any alignment system, such as an exposure tool.

Moiré generated in an autostereoscopic display utilizing a parallax barrier method is cancelled. The interval between visible light transmitting sections that are abutting in the horizontal direction of a parallax barrier is determined using: the average number of subpixels constituting one pixel for three-dimensional display in one row in the horizontal direction; the width of a subpixel, which forms a display; the distance from a predetermined diagonal moiré canceling position to the parallax barrier; the number of viewpoints of a video image used for displaying an autostereoscopic video image; and the distance (Z) from the image display surface of the display to the parallax barrier.

Image defects in a digital image are reduced by a process comprising:

• • providing a digital image data set in the form of a matrix of pixels;
  • selecting a sub-matrix comprising at least a 5×5 matrix of pixels;
  • identifying a pixel within the sub-matrix to be treated as a central pixel;
  • determining a value for at least one optical property in the central pixel;
  • selecting at least four pixels around the central pixel as averaging pixels, at least two of the averaging pixels being in a position in the sub-matrix that is not adjacent the position in the matrix of the central pixel;
  • determining a value for the at least one optical property for the at least four averaging pixels;
  • averaging the values for the at least one optical property for more than one of the at least four averaging pixels to provide an average treatment value for the central pixel;
  • assigning the average treatment value for the central pixel to the central pixel; and
  • storing the average treatment value assigned to the central pixel.

A device detects focal length using image data and an optical system is driven. Image data are acquired while changing focal length to lens. For each image data, high frequency contrast component evaluated values VH, and low frequency contrast component evaluated values VL, are acquired. If there is no moire, an image focal length D1 is determined using a peak value of the high frequency component evaluated values VH. If there is moire, in a range of high frequency component evaluated values adopting values less than or equal to a reference evaluated value VL2 calculated based on low frequency component evaluated values and photographing conditions, image capture focal lengths Da and Db are determined.

An open-hole stereo-display device of free Moire fringe type is prepared as combining diffusion screen with 3-D open hole free stereo-display of grating mode then using reflection grating structure light field formed by illuminating preset grating of flat matrix display pattern layer in 3-D open-hole free stereo-display and by reflecting light by said grating to carry out interference in order to eliminate interference of Moire fringe on stereo-image.

A color image pickup device including: a pixel group placed in array of a plurality of pixels of photoelectric conversion elements; and a color coding array corresponding to the pixel group, the color coding array arranged in a randomized array, or arranged in a randomized array satisfying predetermined array restricting conditions, or arranged in a randomized array satisfying predetermined color distributing conditions. Thereby an object image can be picked up in accordance with a randomized color coding array having no regularity, making it possible without using an optical low-pass filter to achieve a color image pickup device and color image pickup apparatus using the color image pickup device capable of keeping color moiré from occurring even of an object having a cyclic luminance change.

Provided are a phase extraction method and a detecting device for single width carrier frequency interference fringes. The phase extraction method and the detecting device are used for large plane optical element detection. The method is mainly based on virtual grating phase shifting moire fringes and two-dimensional Fourier transformation, two-dimensional wave surface phase information of a detected optical element is extracted from a single carrier frequency interference pattern within a full aperture range, and a computing method for a GRMS value of a circular aperture component surface shape is put forward. In addition, the plane optical element surface shape detecting device constructed on the basis of the method can be applied to procedure interference detection of optical manufacturing workshops. According to the phase extraction method and the detecting device, the requirement for detection of plane optical element transmission/reflection low frequency surface shape deviation can be met, and precision and efficiency of manufacturing detecting are improved.

An electromagnetic shielding film comprises a conductive portion and an opening portion, and a moire preventing part is formed in the opening portion. The moire preventing part may be formed approximately at the center of the opening portion, and may be formed on a line connecting intersections facing each other in the conductive portion in the mesh pattern. The moire preventing part may have a substantially circular planar shape or a polygonal planar shape (such as a quadrangular, pentagonal, hexagonal, or octagonal shape). Of course the moire preventing part may have an at least partially curved planar shape. The electromagnetic shielding film preferably satisfies the inequality 0.1Sa≦Sb≦5.0Sa, in which Sa is the area of the intersection of the conductive portion and Sb is the area of the moire preventing part.

Moiré free color halftoning is achieved through the use of two dot screens and one or two line screens. The line screens may be, for example hybrid line screens. Frequency vectors associated with the screens combine to produce moiré frequency vectors representing moiré frequencies above or below the visual range. In one embodiment lines screens are used to halftone yellow and black separations and dot screens are used to halftone cyan and magenta separations. The dot screens are oriented at 15 and 75 degrees. The line screens are oriented at 45 and 135 degrees. Selected screens and screen orientations minimize screen interaction with mechanical or optical artifacts of a rendering device, thereby minimizing mechanical and optical moiré.

An image display device comprises an electromagnetic shielding film and a moire preventing film attached thereto. The electromagnetic shielding film has a conductive portion and an opening portion, and the moire preventing film has a moire preventing part. When the conductive portion and the opening portion form a mesh pattern, the moire preventing part may be formed approximately at the center of the opening portion, and may be formed on an intersection of the mesh pattern.

A liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal display panel obtained by adhering upper and lower polarizing plates to upper and lower surfaces, respectively, of an electrode substrate. The upper polarizing plate has a first roughened surface on its outer surface. The first roughened surface is formed for the purpose of antiglare. The lower polarizing plate has a second roughened surface on its outer surface. The second roughened surface is formed to have a surface roughness equivalent to or less than that of the first roughened surface. As a result, a moiré fringe is decreased.

An imprint apparatus includes a detector and an adjusting device. A second mark formed on a substrate includes a grating pattern having grating pitches in first and second directions which are respectively parallel to first and second axes which are parallel to a pattern surface of a mold and orthogonal to each other. A first mark formed on the mold includes a grating pattern having a grating pitch in the first direction. The first and second marks have different grating pitches in the first direction. The detector includes an image sensor, and an optical system which forms a moire fringe on an image sensing surface of the image sensor. The adjusting device adjusts, in a plane including the second axis and a third axis that is perpendicular to the first and second axes, an angle between the optical axis of the detector and the third axis.

An image capture method, calculating a first focal length from acquired image data, and detecting whether or not there is -moiré in the image of the first focal length and carrying out image capture with the first focal length set as an image capture focal length when there is no moiré in the image data of the first focal length, calculating a specified range from acquired image data when there is moiré in the image data of the first focal length, and carrying out respective image captures with a plurality of focal lengths within this specified range set as image capture focal length.

Provided is a conductive pattern which has low visibility, has a high light transmittance, and hardly produces moire, and therefore is suitable as an optically transparent electrode for a capacitive touchscreen. The conductive pattern has a row of unit graphics formed of a conductive metal thin line or a metal thin line having line breaks, the unit graphic is selected from a concave hexagon and the congruent figures thereof, the concave hexagon has one inner angle greater than 180° (Angle A) and five inner angles each smaller than 180° with the proviso that the total of Angle A and the third angle from Angle A (Angle B) is 360°, the unit graphics adjoiningly line up in the row, and the row of the unit graphics extends in a direction of the bisector of an angle formed by the bisector of Angle A and the bisector of Angle B.

The present invention discloses a mask alignment mark and an alignment method. Partial structure of the mask alignment mark is different from the left part and longer as usual to enhance capacity of mark branches to capture mark scanning, increase success rate of coarse scanning, improve contrast of alignment information generated by the alignment scanning, elevate signal-to-noise ratio of information during alignment processing and heighten precision of mask alignment. The method of generating Moire fringe information by combining radial coarse scanning with tangential rotating coarse and fine scanning improves alignment scanning efficiency. A method of generating Moire fringe information by combining coarse and fine scanning along a raster direction in an alignment mark branch approximately vertical with two vertical directions improves alignment scanning efficiency.

A liquid crystal display includes a surface light source device of a side light type for lighting. On lighting a fluorescent lamp, primary light is introduced into a guide plate and propagates within the guide plate. Much of the illumination light enters into any one of a number of ridges on an emission-function face, being followed by inner impingement upon a flank face, which is more remote from an incidence end face, at an entry angle greater than a critical angle theta 1. Much of the light which has undergone such inner impingement is supplied to a liquid crystal display panel almost frontward via a top face. The ridges are inclined at a predetermined inclination angle alpha with respect to the incidence end face of the guide plate. Inclination angle alpha preferably falls within a range from 5 degrees to 45 degrees, in particular, from 15 degrees to 30 degrees. Employment of size-reduced ridges is realizable, leading to less conspicuous ridges without reducing emission function. Moire fringes are preventable, too. Each ridge may be provided with all or some of a tapered shape, an inclined flank face and foot portions with a stepwise difference.