110 results about "Shore zone" patented technology

The invention discloses an application method of an indoor simulation device for the migration and the conversion of pollutant in an artificial shore zone. According to the invention, in the lateral supply direction of a three-dimensional seepage groove, ground water is supplied on one side where a stream flows to simulate the boundary condition of the groundwater flow in a field zone; reasonably proportioned solution is supplied on the other side to simulate the seawater in a coastal zone; and the interaction of salt water and fresh water realizes the real simulation of seawater and terrestrial water. By adopting the device provided by the invention, the physical simulation of the artificial shore zone is simulated to the greatest extend, a large-scale artificial coastal zone is downsized to a small-scale indoor physical simulation device under the guidance of geometric similarity theory, the comprehensive influences of adjustable water level height, saltwater and fresh water interaction, waves, rainfall and external contamination are comprehensively considered, the real simulation of the artificial coastal zone is ensured, and a foundation is laid for the numerical simulation of the artificial coastal zone and the late pollution abatement.

The invention is eco-environmental engineering technology; the device can be used to simulate the tidal changes. The devices have automatic intake system, sample boxes, and automatic water drainage system four partitions. The automatic intake system includes pumps, timers and the intake pipe; the samples boxes are used to store or plant test sample; the automatic drainage system includes solenoids, filters, timers and drainage channels. Two timers connect with pumps and solenoid valve. According to the different cycles of the coast tidal movement, set the timer to control the time of in / out time to simulate tidal movement. The tidal simulation environments simulated by the invention can provide necessary research and experimental platform for ecological response, ecosystem and biogeochemical cycles under dynamic conditions on the coastal zone.

The invention discloses an indoor simulation device for the migration and the conversion of pollutant in an artificial shore zone. According to the invention, in the lateral supply direction of a three-dimensional seepage groove, ground water is supplied on one side where a stream flows to simulate the boundary condition of the groundwater flow in a field zone; reasonably proportioned solution is supplied on the other side to simulate the seawater in a coastal zone; and interaction of salt water and fresh water realizes real simulation of seawater and terrestrial water. By adopting the device provided by the invention, the physical simulation of the artificial shore zone is simulated to the greatest extend, a large-scale artificial coastal zone is downsized to a small-scale indoor physical simulation device under the guidance of a geometric similarity theory, the comprehensive influences of adjustable water level height, saltwater and fresh water interaction, waves, rainfall and external contamination are comprehensively considered, the real simulation of the artificial coastal zone is ensured, and a foundation is laid for the numerical simulation of the artificial coastal zone and the late pollution abatement.

A system is proposed for conducting efficient marine seismic surveys in different climatic conditions for water depths of 0-500 meters, in near-shore zones and on the land for obtaining seamless profiles. The system includes at least one bottom module (BM) and onboard devices located on a vessel. The BM can be submerged from the vessel onto a bottom ground and lifted up on the board. The BM includes a case provided with roundings on its upper surface and its bottom area, to which case are mounted damping elements, a hydrophone and a geophone block for receiving seismic data, a vacuum port, a hermetic electrical socket, and equipment arranged inside the case, including—a clock generator,—a digital compass providing angle data,—an interface board essentially reading the seismic and angle data and transmitting thereof to the onboard devices, and—a recorder board communicating with the geophones, hydrophone, and interface board.

A construction method of a coastal zone ecological safety evaluation model comprises the steps of collecting index data; generating an index year spatial distribution map; calculating an ecosystem service value; constructing an ecological safety evaluation index system covering a physical index, a pollution index and a social-economical index of a coastal zone; performing standardization processing on the index of each year by different methods; partitioning an ecological safety index; calculating the ecological safety index by an equal weight method; and disclosing an influence mechanism of land activity on a coastal zone ecosystem service function and regional ecological safety and a spatial and temporal variation rule of the ecological safety, and screening a main factor affecting the coastal zone ecological safety. The method is simple and objective and is high in repeatability, the influence mechanism of land activity on the coastal zone ecosystem service function and the ecological safety and the spatial and temporal variation rule of the ecological safety are disclosed, the current state of the coastal zone ecological safety can be accurately and scientifically evaluated, and reliable theory and technical support are provided for constructing a coastal zone ecological safety early-warning mechanism and achieving ecological safety management.

The invention relates to a method for performing inversion on the optical property of aerosol of a coastal zone, and provides a new algorithm for performing inversion on the optical property of the aerosol of a coastal area in China by using a satellite image aiming at the characteristics of a large number of aerosol particles with high reflectivity and strong absorbability on the ocean surface of the coastal area in China. In the algorithm, the research is conducted by taking an image of a moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) as an example; the inversion of the optical property of atmospheric aerosol over a muddy water area is finished by using the images of long wave bands of 1,240 nm, 1,640nm and 2,133 nm of the MODIS and a lookup table; and the correctness and applicability of the algorithm are verified by using an foundation observation result of a cleaning day. Theoretical basis is provided for adding a channel with long wave bands and transmissivity into a Chinese sea color remote sensor, the condition of the aerosol over the coastal zone can be reflected in real time, and decision basis is provided for related functional departments.

The invention provides a coastline remote sensing calculation method for self-adaptive fitting of a profile form. The coastline remote sensing calculation method comprises the following steps: S1, extracting an instantaneous water side line and an artificial coastline from a coastline multi-temporal satellite remote sensing image; S2, segmenting and discretizing the water side line to obtain a water side line discrete point sequence of each profile; S3, completing tide level assignment of each profile water side line discrete point sequence; S4, judging the shape characteristics of the section, and determining the type of the section; S5, performing profile form fitting to obtain a form fitting equation of the profile; S6, calculating the position of an average heavy tide point of the section by utilizing a section shape fitting equation, and sequentially connecting the average heavy tide point along the direction of the coast to form an average heavy tide line; And S7, processing theaverage heavy tide and high tide line and the artificial shoreline by utilizing a spatial topological analysis method to obtain a remote sensing calculation shoreline. The method breaks through the assumption that the bank slope is single, and compared with a traditional method, the method has better applicability and higher accuracy.

The invention discloses an optimization method for sea island reef height transmission and belongs to the technical field of geodesy and measuring engineering. Leveling is a conventional method with the advantages of most directness and effectiveness, highest precision and widest application during height transmission, and the using range thereof is influenced in some special areas, for example, during sea island reef height transmission, because leveling equipment cannot be stably used on sea surface, a method for directly measuring the height by using a leveling instrument cannot be used. Therefore, the invention provides an optimization method for sea island reef height transmission, which comprises the following steps of: highly integrating land, coastal zone and sea island gravity data; calculating a land and transmitted sea island reef consistent high-precision whole gravity quasigeoid numerical model through space gravitational abnormal data corrected by height reference system difference; and finally measuring the GPS geodetic height of the known height and the GPS geodetic height of a sea island reef point to be measured by using the known height point in a calculation region so as to finish the height transmission of the sea island reef.

The invention belongs to the coastal zone ecological environment evaluation field, and especially relates to a coastal zone pollutant load estimation method comprising the following steps: 1, determining a pollution source and main pollutants, and determining a point source pollution source and a non-point source pollution source according to research area pollutant formation characteristics and data obtainable conditions; determining main pollutants according to statistics of the pollutant content; wherein the point source pollution comprises industrial wastewater; wherein the non-point source pollution refers to water body pollution caused by the fact that various pollutants converge into a receiving water body under the action of large-area rainfall and runoff scouring; 2, estimating pollution load, including point source pollution load estimation and non-point source pollution source load estimation; main pollutants being total nitrogen, total phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand andammonia nitrogen. The method has the beneficial effects that main factors related to the pollutant load in the coastal zone range are generalized, a complete coastal zone pollutant load estimation system is established, and the current situation of the pollutant load level in the coastal zone range is analyzed.

The invention discloses a method for repairing a remote sensing vegetation index time sequence under the influence of coastal zone tides. The method is characterized in that the method comprises the steps: vegetation index time sequence and normalized difference water body index acquisition, tidal influence sample pixel acquisition, time sequence noise point identification, noise point numerical value restoration model construction and vegetation index time sequence restoration evaluation, wherein each sample pixel in an experimental area is traversed, vegetation index noise point correction amount is calculated by utilizing a noise point numerical value restoration model, and the sum of a vegetation index noise point numerical value and a corresponding vegetation index noise point correction amount numerical value are taken as a vegetation index correction value of a vegetation index noise point so as to obtain a restored vegetation index time sequence. The method has the advantages of being wide in application range, high in automation degree, high in robustness and suitable for different spatial resolutions.

The invention discloses an algal blooming ecological control system based on micro-terrain reconstruction, an ecological method for controlling algal blooming and application, and belongs to the technical field of ecological engineering. The algal blooming ecological control system based on micro-terrain reconstruction integrates and adopts a terrain reconstruction technology, a wetland shore zone slope protection technology, a wetland vegetation planting technology and a hydrological Unicom technology. According to the ecological control system and the ecological method disclosed by the invention, the generation of the algal blooming can be effectively restrained, a large number of harmful algas generated after the algal blooming is collected at the same time, and the diffusion of the harmful algas to a near shore can also be intercepted, so that the adverse impact on nearshore water quality, island air environment and landscape is eliminated.

The invention belongs to the technical field of coastal zone dam monitoring, and discloses a coastal zone dam stability monitoring and flooding vulnerability evaluation method and system. The method comprises the steps of preparing a satellite-borne SAR single look complex image and global DEM data for assisting the InSAR time sequence analysis, and obtaining dam point cloud data, sea level risingdata and tide inspection data through employing an unmanned plane laser radar; carrying out data preprocessing to realize dam DEM generation, dam deformation rate acquisition, dam future DEM simulation and dam water level simulation; and performing flooding analysis to realize dam flooding analysis and dam flooding scene display. According to the invention, the combination of the satellite-borneInSAR time sequence analysis deformation rate and the unmanned aerial vehicle-mounted laser radar DEM is realized, and high observation precision and space-time resolution are ensured. According to the invention, three components (tidal component, storm water increase and sea level rise) are synthesized for flooding water level simulation, daily conditions and extreme conditions are simulated at the same time, and over-high water level estimation is avoided.

The invention discloses a device and method for utilizing sand launder seepage to simulate a coastal zone salt-fresh water abrupt interface. The sand launder at the middle section of the device is fully filled with homogenous fine sand (1), a salt water inlet chamber (7) and a fresh water inlet chamber (9) are arranged at the left end and the right end, overflow baffles (8 and 10) are arranged in the salt water inlet chamber (7) and the fresh water inlet chamber (9) to enable the level of fresh water at the right end to be higher than the level of the salt water at the left end, and a salt water draining hole (11) and a fresh water draining hole (14) are formed in the outer sides of the baffles respectively. The salt water reddened by a red edible coloring agent flows into a salt water inlet hole (12) at the left end in advance, colorless fresh water flows into a fresh water inlet hole (13) at the right end till seepage in the sand launder is stable, the abrupt interface (3) between the red region and the colorless region is observed on the right side, the influence on the position of the salt-fresh water abrupt interface of different salt-fresh water head differences and different salt-fresh water density differences can be simulated, the quantitative relation of the position and a water head or pressure of the interface is established, and change law of the position of the salt-fresh water abrupt interface under different experiment conditions is researched.

The invention relates to a system and a method for ecologically restoring a riverway / lake and reservoir water body. The system comprises micro-nano aeration contact oxidation equipment, a composite ecological floating island and a riverway / lake and reservoir shore zone, through the micro-nano aeration contact oxidation technology, the biological membrane soft carrier has the characteristics of large specific surface area, easy biological attachment and the like, and effectively intercepts indigenous microorganisms and efficient degradation microorganisms slowly released by the composite ecological floating island biological filler matrix. Degradation of organic pollutants and removal of nitrogen and phosphorus are promoted through combined action of micro-nano aeration of a river channel and microorganisms in a biological filler matrix; emergent aquatic plants on the composite ecological floating island and submerged plants, floating-leaved plants and benthic animals in a river channelare combined to obviously improve the water body environment, improve the water body transparency and improve the water body self-purification capacity, and the water body reaches or is superior to surface V-type water.

The invention discloses a remote sensing image coastline extraction method based on a deep semantic segmentation network, and the method comprises the following steps: inputting a coastline training remote sensing image sample into an encoder, extracting low-level detail features and high-level semantic features, and obtaining a multi-level feature map; inputting the multi-level feature map into a decoder, and decoding the image through a shoreline enhancement fusion module and up-sampling + convolution operation to obtain a group of sea-land segmentation feature maps and a group of shoreline distribution feature maps; performing pixel-by-pixel prediction on the two groups of feature maps to obtain a sea-land segmentation binary image and a shoreline distribution binary image, and performing error back propagation by using a sea-land binary label and a shoreline label to obtain a trained network; inputting a coastal zone remote sensing image into the trained network to obtain a sea-land segmentation binary prediction image; and extracting a binary image contour as a sea-land boundary, removing useless boundaries, and vectorizing the sea-land boundary to obtain a coastline. According to the invention, the coastline distribution characteristics in the decoding process can be enhanced, and the coastline extraction precision is effectively improved.

The invention relates to a coastal zone regional function long time sequence identification method based on multi-source big data, and the method comprises the following steps: firstly, constructing coastal zone regional function land classification based on human production, life and ecology, and carrying out the initial classification of a long time sequence image through employing a random forest algorithm based on a multi-source big data fusion platform; secondly, spatial separation of an impervious surface and a water body is achieved through a scanning line seed filling algorithm and geometric feature analysis, and functional types related to cultivated land transformation, offshore cultivation land, a salt pan and reclamation are corrected based on a temporal and spatial change logic rule; and finally, according to a classification result, change ranges and time stages of grain production, offshore culture and reclamation are extracted. According to the invention, the long-time-sequence identification precision of the regional functions of the coastal zone is improved, and the method is particularly suitable for regional function land transformation and change detection of reclamation construction caused by long-time-sequence, large-range and high-density offshore human activities, and can be directly applied to auxiliary decision making of spatial planning and regional policies of the coastal zone.

The invention provides an oyster reef row, a sea dyke foot protection device and a dike foot protection method, and relates to the technical field of coastal zone repair. The oyster reef row providedby the invention comprises reef row frames, ground-grabbing devices and protective net devices; the ground-grabbing devices are connected to the bottoms of the reef row frames; and the protective netdevices are connected with and cover the reef row frames. The oyster reef row provided by the invention can be arranged at the dyke foot of a sea dyke, and the reef row frames and the dyke foot can beprotected through the protective net devices, so that sediment at the dyke foot of the sea dyke is prevented from being scoured by water flows, the stability of the dyke foot is protected advantageously, and the dyke foot of the sea dyke can be prevented from being eroded.

The invention discloses an urban river water environment treatment method. Water in a riverway is isolated by using a water-stop wall and a soil-retaining pile along a riverbank retaining wall in theriverway to form a near-shore zone, and the near-shore zone has all functions of intercepting main pipes and collecting pollutants entering the riverway; the near-shore zone is divided into an ecological shallow water area and a local deep water area. River sludge and biological filler are filled in the ecological shallow water area, and aquatic plants are planted on the biological filler layer, so that all functions of purifying water quality, beautifying landscape and the like of the ecological floating island can be realized; the local deep water area is arranged at a river inlet, filled with river silt and covered with a biological filler, and the water bottom elevation is lower than that of the river inlet; sewage lifting pumps are arranged in the near-shore zone at fixed points, andvarious kinds of sewage in the near-shore zone are collected in a centralized mode and discharged into a municipal sewage system or enter an independent water treatment device. The method is convenient to construct, low in engineering investment, short in construction period and low in operation and maintenance cost, can effectively collect and treat pollutants entering the river, and has popularization and application prospects in the aspect of river water environment treatment.

The invention proposes a high-space resolution composite electrode cross detection method. The high-space resolution composite electrode cross detection method comprises the following steps of converting vector resistivity of at least two point electrodes, which are not arranged on the same straight line, in a non-Z direction; performing horizontal annular point electrode section detection; performing vertical line point electrode rolling detection; performing multi-layer composite point electrode extension detection; performing space point electrode fixed detection; and performing space resistivity cross conversion, performing interpolation calculation on a space according to composite point electrode cross detection data so as to acquire complete three-dimensional space detection data. By converting the vector resistivity of the at least two point electrodes, which are not arranged on the same straight line, in the non-Z direction, and a complete three-dimensional resistivity dynamicmonitoring method is built by fully combining each detection technology; and by the method, migration law and mechanism of water and salt transport in special soil caused by different disaster chainfactors can be disclosed, and high-resolution and high-accuracy in-situ long-term monitoring on the dynamic change process of water and salt transport space distribution of a coastal zone is achieved.

The invention discloses a coastal multiple habitat simulation test field. The test field is characterized in that the test field is provided with a posterior coastal zone test area and a coastal saltmarsh wetland test area, wherein an intertidal zone test area is arranged in the posterior coastal zone test area, the intertidal zone test area is arranged at one side, close to the coastal salt marsh wetland test area, of the posterior coastal zone test area, the intertidal zone test area is equipped with two water outlet pipes towards the coastal salt marsh wetland test zone, and the two wateroutlet pipes are respectively arranged parallel to the bottoms of the test areas. The multiple habitat simulation test field designed in this way aims at realizing that a test field simulates a plurality of different coastal habitats at the same time, has obvious advantages such as simple structure, reusability and low cost, makes test results be not affected due to changes of the groundwater level and salinity, and be more accurate, ensures that saline groundwater is circulated in the test field, and does not affect the environment outside the field.

The invention relates to a marine environment-friendly coastal zone garbage intercepting and treatment device. The marine environment-friendly coastal zone garbage intercepting and treatment device comprises an intercepting device, a winding and unwinding device and a positioning device. The intercepting device comprises a plurality of floating cylinders arranged along the outer side of the coastline. The winding and unwinding device comprises a winding mechanism arranged on the coast and a rope winding base arranged on the seabed. A recycling rope and an object throwing rope are wound on thewinding mechanism. The movable end of the recycling rope is connected to the floating cylinders, and the object throwing rope bypasses the rope winding base and then is connected to the floating cylinders. The floating cylinders can collect garbage into the floating cylinders while intercepting sea floating garbage, and when the garbage in the floating cylinders needs to be cleaned, the floating cylinders can be pulled back to the coast only by using the winding mechanism to take back the recycling rope and loosen the object throwing rope; and after the floating cylinders are cleaned, the object throwing rope is taken back, the recycling rope is loosened, the floating cylinders can be pulled to the sea again, workers do not need to go to the sea for cleaning, and operation is convenient.

The invention discloses a water quality detection device and method based on a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy technology, belongs to the field of marine water quality monitoring, and aims to solve the problem that coastal zone heavy metal elements and water pollution are difficult to automatically detect online in real time so as to decrease the risk of heavy metal pollution in seafood and reducethe risk of the heavy metal pollution in seafood the source. The device structurally comprises an unmanned ship, a visual detection module, a spectrum detection module and the like. According to the water quality detection device and method based on the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy technology of the invention, a rasterized information transmission system is established on a coastal zone; map positioning is conducted on the unmanned ship after rasterizing treatment is conducted on the coastal zone; heavy metal elements and water quality in grids of the coastal zone are detected through the spectrum detection module; the content of the heavy metal elements in the coastal zone is analyzed through a non-standard analysis method; if the content exceeds the standard, the area is marked and early warning is performed; the effect of all-day real-time online automatic detection of the coastal zone is achieved; and the risks that the health condition of the human body is abnormal due to the heavy metal elements and water pollution are reduced.

The invention provides a coastal zone wetland ecological safety pattern optimization method and device based on machine learning, and the method comprises the steps: employing a support vector machineand a random forest method to carry out the supervised classification extraction of a pixel scale of a coastal zone wetland of a target coastal zone, so as to obtain a coastal zone wetland extractionresult; performing shape recognition on each wetland patch in the coastal zone wetland extraction result by adopting a patch shape recognition algorithm based on an information theory; and comparingecological disturbance degree differences of wetland patches with different shapes by utilizing variance analysis to obtain an optimal coastal zone wetland landscape type with statistical significance, thereby obtaining a landscape ecological safety pattern mode capable of maximizing ecological toughness. The method and deice can assist in guiding coastal zone wetland landscape pattern optimization, and landscape planning thought and theoretical basis are provided.

A seawater invasion tide simulation system disclosed by the present invention comprises a water tank, a first water storage tank and a second water storage tank, a soil layer simulation device is arranged in the middle of the water tank, the soil layer simulation device comprises a frame, water-bearing layers and water-resisting layers, and a measuring electrode for measuring the seawater concentration is arranged in each water-bearing layer. The soil layer simulation device is composed of the frame, the water-bearing layers and the water-resisting layers, the water-bearing layers are arranged in the frame, the water-bearing layers are separated through the water-resisting layers, thus the soil layer simulation device is closer to an original soil layer, and underground fresh water at different water levels is injected into different second cavities; then the pressure of each layer of underground fresh water can be controlled, at the moment, the exchange process between the seawater and the underground fresh water in the tidal fluctuation process is simulated, reliable experimental data can be obtained, and support is provided for disaster prevention and reduction of coastal zones.

The invention provides a coastline dynamic monitoring method, monitoring equipment and a storage medium, and the method comprises the steps: splicing coastline images of a target region, and generating a panoramic image in a preset time sequence; performing geometric registration on the panoramic image by utilizing an orthographic remote sensing image and a plurality of ground control points to obtain a dynamic orthographic image set; and extracting an instantaneous coastline contained in each orthoimage, and calculating and obtaining a monitoring result of the coastline length and the coastline endpoint rate at each moment. According to the monitoring method disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the computer vision technology and the remote sensing technology are combined to generate the coastline orthoimage, and the real-time monitoring of the length change of the coastline and the end point rate EPR change is realized, so that the requirements of time resolution, space resolution and acquisition of the regional orthoimage are met, and the real-time monitoring of the coastline is realized. Data support is provided for the fields of coastal zone environment monitoring, coastal city development, disaster emergency monitoring and the like.

The invention discloses an ecological shore zone purifying structure, and aims to solve the defects that a treatment process taking anoxic or anaerobic environment as the major exists in a purifying system in the prior art, the application range is narrower and the like. The ecological shore zone purifying structure comprises a vertical flow artificial wetland purifying system and a nature-imitated wetland purifying system which are of trough structures, wherein two troughs are internally filled with adsorption filler; the nature-imitated wetland purifying system is totally or partially immersed in water, and the height is lower than that of the vertical flow artificial wetland purifying system; a water distribution pipe is arranged on the upper surface of the vertical flow artificial wetland purifying system, and a water collection pipe is arranged at the bottom part of the vertical flow artificial wetland purifying system; a water outlet of the water collection pipe penetrates through the trough wall of the vertical flow artificial wetland purifying system so as to guide water to the nature-imitated wetland purifying system, and effluent automatically flows into a river after being treated through the nature-imitated wetland purifying system. The ecological shore zone purifying structure disclosed by the invention fully utilizes ecological space in rivers, and is particularlysuitable for governance and ecological repairing of urban mildly contaminated rivers and brooks, urban river non-point source pollution control, river shore zone landscape increment and the like.

Sample handling device which enables to take samples (samples of living beings) from single celled invertebrate living beings which live in different depths of aqueous mediums such as lakes, ponds, barrages and sea shore zones. The aim is to take samples from vertebrate living beings which live by attaching themselves on living beings or non living materials such as plants, stones and shells in aqueous medium such as lakes, ponds, barrages and shore zones. Another aim is to present the medium where single cell living beings live and to carry such living beings to the laboratory in order to examine them.

The invention relates to the technical field of environment detection, in particular to a coastal zone resource environment bearing capacity evaluation method based on ecological system functions. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring water resource data, soil data, topographic data and covering data of a target area; obtaining an index factor according to the water resource data, the soil data, the topographic data and a corresponding index factor algorithm; according to the index factor and a soil conservation index algorithm, obtaining a soil conservation index of the target area; according to the coating data and a preset corresponding relation between the coating and the carbon density, obtaining the carbon density of the target area, and according to the carbon density and a carbon sequestration index algorithm, obtaining a carbon sequestration index of the target area; according to the water resource data, the soil data, the covering data and a corresponding ecological index algorithm, obtaining an ecological index of the target area; and obtaining an ecological service index of the target area according to the processed soil retention amount index, the carbon sequestration amount index, the ecological index and an ecological service index algorithm.

The invention discloses a method for determining a position of a salt-fresh water interface in a coastal zone with a fresh water zone satisfying the Dupuit assumption. By investigating a pressure balance relationship of an arbitrary point in a salt water zone under the salt-fresh water interface in a coastal homogeneous isotropic unconfined aquifer satisfying the Dupuit assumption, a fresh water column from a water table to the interface plus a salt water column from the interface to the point in a unit horizontal area should keep balance with a salt water column existing at the point, thus, a mathematical formula for calculating the position of the salt-fresh water interface based on a salt water piezometric head at an arbitrary point A in the salt water zone below the interface and a fresh-water water table at a point E on a same vertical line above the interface can be deduced. Through examination of the description of water heads at arbitrary points below and above the salt-fresh water interface, a general formula for determining position of the salt-fresh water interface based on the salt water piezometric head at the arbitrary point A in the salt water zone and a fresh water piezometric head at an arbitrary point C in the fresh water zone can be deduced. The two methods each require 2 adjacent piezometric holes which respectively tap the fresh water zone and the salt water zone.

The invention relates to an emperor penguin population quantity remote sensing estimation method. Landsat 7 satellite images in a corresponding time period are preprocessed, strip noise, geometric distortion and atmosphere influences are removed, afterwards, emperor penguin feces are pre-extracted, and areas obviously without population targets are eliminated. Through multiple tests, it is discovered that brightness differences between the emperor penguin feces on thermal infrared images and other natural objects are obvious, and therefore, emperor penguin population feces candidate areas are obtained by performing image segmentation on the thermal infrared images after pre-extraction. After true color synthesizing and wave band operation are performed on each emperor penguin population feces candidate area, it is determined that candidate areas satisfying all corresponding conditions are emperor penguin feces areas, i.e., emperor penguin population positions, and latitude and longitude coordinates of the positions are recorded. The same operation is completed on other remote sensing images of coastal zones of Antarctica in the corresponding time period, all the emperor penguin population positions are obtained, and finally, the emperor penguin population quantity and corresponding geographical coordinates of the whole Antarctica are obtained.