The invention discloses a method for high-efficiency expression of all subtype mature proteins of IL-37 by utilizing tobaccos. The method comprises the following steps of: inserting coding sequences of 
TEV protease and 
enzyme cutting sites thereof between coding sequences of 
signal peptide and mature IL-37 proteins to form an IL-37-TEV 
fusion gene; according to the preference of tobacco codons, under the condition of guaranteeing no change of the 
amino acid sequence, optimizing the sequence of the 
fusion gene; connecting 5'-end upstream of the constructed IL-37-TEV 
fusion gene with a common 
promoter including other regulating areas, and connecting the 3'-end downstream with a transcription terminator; integrating a constructed 
recombinant expression vector onto 
cell chromosomes of the tobacco to culture a transgenic tobacco 
plant with high-efficiency stable expression of IL-37 and injecting the constructed 
recombinant expression vector to the tobacco leaves to instantaneously express target proteins. The method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that by construction of the 
plant expression vector, the mature proteins of IL-37 with 
high activity are expressed in the plants, and the obtained product has important application value for treatment of numerous inflammatory diseases and 
early detection and diagnosis of the inflammatory diseases.