35results about "Modulation transference by semiconductor devices with minimum 2 electrodes" patented technology

Circuitry is provided that includes a matching circuit, a first mixer coupled to the matching circuit and configured to receive a signal with an oscillation frequency, a second mixer coupled to the matching circuit, a first transmission line path coupled between the matching circuit and an input of the first mixer, and one or more capacitors coupled to the input of the first mixer and configured to reject signals at a harmonic frequency of the oscillation frequency. The wireless circuitry can further include a second transmission line path coupled between the matching circuit and an input of the second mixer. The transmission line path can include a first transmission line for conveying signals between the matching circuit and the first mixer, a second transmission line for conveying signals between the matching circuit and the first mixer, and a floating transmission line interposed between the first and second transmission lines.

Mixer circuitry can include a first pair of transistors coupled to a first tail node and configured to receive a local oscillator signal, a second pair of transistors coupled to a second tail node and configured to receive the local oscillator signal, a first digital-to-analog converter, a second DAC coupled between the first DAC and of the first pair of transistors, and a third DAC coupled between the first DAC and the second pair of transistors. During a first phase, control circuitry can sweep the first DAC to trim a first and / or other odd order local oscillator feedthrough. During a second phase, the control circuitry can sweep the second DAC to trim a second and / or other even order local oscillator feedthrough. During a third phase, the control circuitry can sweep the second and third DACs to reject signals associated with a second harmonic conversion gain of the mixer circuitry.

In one example, an RF oscillator system includes a laser source configured to emit laser light, a housing, a crystalline microresonator disposed within the housing, and a photonic integrated circuit disposed within the housing, the photonic integrated circuit including an optical waveguide network and configured to generate a clock signal based on the laser light. The RF oscillator system may further include at least one photonic wirebond configured to couple the laser light between the optical waveguide network and the crystalline microresonator via evanescent coupling; laser control circuitry disposed within the housing and configured to lock a frequency of the laser light to a resonance of the microresonator to generate the clock signal; and a direct digital synthesizer disposed within the housing and configured to produce a tunable oscillator signal based on the clock signal.

Certain aspects provide a circuit for frequency translation. The circuit includes first mixer circuitry coupled to a load circuit and having a first mixer configured to generate, based on a first differential input signal and a second differential input signal, a first portion of a frequency translated differential signal to be provided to the load circuit, and a second mixer configured to generate, based on a third differential input signal and a fourth differential input signal, a second portion of the frequency translated differential signal. The circuit also includes second mixer circuitry coupled to another load circuit and having a third mixer configured to generate, based on the first differential input signal and the fourth differential input signal, a first portion of another frequency translated differential signal, and a fourth mixer configured to generate, based on the third differential input signal and the second differential input signal, a second portion of the another frequency translated differential signal.

Circuitry (24) is provided that includes a matching circuit (100), a first mixer (50-1) coupled to the matching circuit and configured to receive a signal with an oscillation frequency, a second mixer (50-2) coupled to the matching circuit, a first transmission line path (102-1) coupled between the matching circuit (100) and an input of the first mixer (50-1), and one or more capacitors (104) coupled to the input of the first mixer (50-1) and configured to reject signals at a harmonic frequency of the oscillation frequency. The wireless circuitry (24) can further include a second transmission line path (102-2) coupled between the matching circuit (100) and an input of the second mixer (50-2). The transmission line path can include a first transmission line for conveying signals between the matching circuit (100) and the first mixer (50-1), a second transmission line for conveying signals between the matching circuit (100) and the first mixer (50-1), and a floating transmission line interposed between the first and second transmission lines.

A receiver circuit comprises a local oscillator (LO) signal generator that provides LO reference voltage signals, and a plurality of up-conversion paths that provide filtered up-converted signals. Each up-conversion path comprises a transistor and a bandpass filter. A drain of the transistor provides a mixed signal in response to one of the LO reference voltage signals at a gate of the transistor and an RF input signal at a source of the transistor. The bandpass filter has a fixed frequency that passes a first frequency component associated with a center frequency of the RF input signal and rejects a second frequency component associated with an undesired frequency in the mixed signal to provide one of the filtered up-converted signals. The fixed bandpass frequency may reject a plurality of second frequency components that are associated with a plurality of undesired frequencies of the RF input signal.

Provided is a reception apparatus that includes an in-phase-side mixer that mixes a high-frequency component and an in-phase-side local signal, and outputs the mixed signal as an in-phase-side mixed signal, a quadrature-side mixer that mixes the high-frequency component and a quadrature-side local signal orthogonal to the in-phase-side local signal, and outputs the mixed signal as a quadrature-side mixed signal, an error detection signal generation unit that generates four-phase detection signals having same frequencies as frequencies of the in-phase-side local signal and quadrature-side local signal, and each having a different phase, and a signal processing unit that generates a gain difference between an in-phase-side signal according to the in-phase-side mixed signal and a quadrature-side signal according to the quadrature-side mixed signal, on the basis of respective output signals of the in-phase-side mixer and quadrature-side mixer in a case where each of the four-phase detection signals is the high-frequency component.

The invention discloses a frequency mixer, which is characterized by comprising a first transistor; a second transistor; a third transistor; a first connection point for connecting to a gate terminal of the first transistor, a drain terminal of the second transistor, and a source terminal of the third transistor; a second connection point for connecting to a source terminal of the first transistor and a gate terminal of the second transistor; and a third connection point for connecting to the drain terminal of the first transistor and the drain terminal of the third transistor.

Systems, circuits, and methods for mixing signals are provided. An illustrative circuit may include mixer circuitry including multiple inputs and at least one output, where the multiple inputs are connected across a local oscillator. The circuit may further include a terminal Radio Frequency (RF) output circuitry that is isolated from the local oscillator, where the at least one output of the mixer circuitry is directly connected to an input of the terminal RF output circuitry. The circuit may further include terminal Intermediate Frequency (IF) output circuitry that is isolated from the local oscillator, where the at least one output of the mixer circuitry is directly connected to an input of the terminal IF output circuitry.

A communication system comprising a passive quadrature generator directly connected to an in-phase (I) mixer and a quadrature (Q) mixer; an I-LO amplitude detection circuit connected to the passive quadrature generator and connected to the I-mixer, and a Q-LO amplitude detection circuit connected to the passive quadrature generator and connected to the Q-mixer, the I-LO amplitude detection circuit configured to detect an I-LO amplitude, and the Q-LO amplitude detection circuit configured to detect a Q-LO amplitude; and a combining and integrating circuit configured to receive the detected I-LO amplitude and the detected Q-LO amplitude, and to generate an I-LO DC bias voltage for biasing the I mixer and a Q-LO DC bias voltage for biasing the Q mixer.

A system includes a mixer, an amplifier, and a switchable transformer. The switchable transformer includes a primary inductor coupled between a first output and a second output of the mixer, a first switch, a second switch, and a secondary inductor coupled between a first input and a second input of the amplifier, wherein the secondary inductor is magnetically coupled with the primary inductor. The secondary inductor includes a first inductor coupled between the first input of the amplifier and a first terminal of the first switch, a second inductor coupled between a second terminal of the first switch and the second input of the amplifier, a third inductor coupled between the first terminal of the first switch and a first terminal of the second switch, and a fourth inductor coupled between the second terminal of the first switch and a second terminal of the second switch.

Disclosed is a radio frequency (RF) circuit including a mixer configured for independent second order intercept point (IP2) calibration. The mixer includes three ports and multiple dual-gate transistors interconnected therebetween for down-converting an RF input signal to a lower frequency baseband output signal. To optimize performance, front gates of the transistors are biased with a front gate bias voltage (Vfg). To adjust second order non-linearity, back gates of the transistors are biased using a first back gate bias voltage (Vbgp) for half of the transistors of the mixer and a second back gate bias voltage (Vbgm) for a different half of the transistors. The circuit can also include a front gate bias voltage generator for generating Vfg and a back gate bias voltage generator (including a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) with multiple DAC units) for generating Vbgp and Vbgm independent of Vfg. Also disclosed is an associated operating method.

A mixer circuit according to the present invention comprises: a mixer (1); an LO matching circuit (6) inserted between an LO signal terminal (5) and a first terminal (2) of the mixer (1); an IF matching circuit (8) inserted between an IF signal terminal (7) and a second terminal (3) of the mixer (1); and an RF matching circuit (10) inserted between an RF signal terminal (9) and a third terminal (4) of the mixer (1). The reflection characteristics for the RF matching circuit (10) are set such that the minimum value of reflection loss appears on the high frequency side of the LO signal frequency.

A method and apparatus are described for bio-impedance measurement using voltage to current conversion. In one example, a bio-impedance transducer includes an input stage to receive a bio-impedance signal having an oscillating voltage from two electrodes, the electrodes being coupled to a body, a resistance across the two electrodes to determine an alternating current of the bio-impedance signal, a gain stage coupled to the resistance to amplify the alternating current, a down converter coupled to the gain stage to convert the amplified alternating current to a direct current bio-impedance signal, and an analog-to-digital converter coupled to the down converter to convert the direct current bio-impedance signal to a digital bio-impedance signal.

A communication system includes a passive quadrature generator connected directly to an in-phase (I) mixer and a quadrature (Q) mixer, an I LO amplitude detect circuit connected to the passive quadrature generator and connected to the I mixer, and a Q LO amplitude detect circuit connected to the passive quadrature generator and connected to the Q mixer, the I LO amplitude detect circuit configured to detect an I LO amplitude and the Q LO amplitude detect circuit configured to detect a Q LO amplitude, and a combining and integrating circuit configured to receive the detected I LO amplitude and the detected Q LO amplitude and generate an I LO DC bias voltage to bias the I mixer and a Q LO DC bias voltage to bias the Q mixer.

The application discloses a wireless direction finder circuit and a wireless direction finder, and relates to the technical field of wireless direction finding. The wireless direction finder circuit comprises a local oscillator signal input end, a mixed frequency detection circuit, a rectifier circuit, a main control circuit and a variable sound output circuit. The mixed frequency detection circuit generates a mixed frequency signal according to a wireless signal and a local oscillator signal. The rectifier circuit converts the mixed frequency signal into a first direct current signal. The main control circuit outputs a variable sound control signal when the voltage value of the first direct current signal is greater than or equal to a preset voltage value. The variable sound output circuit outputs a corresponding first audio signal according to the mixed frequency signal when the variable sound control signal is not received, and outputs a second audio signal of a variable frequency according to the variable sound control signal and the mixed frequency signal when the variable sound control signal is received, so that the user can be prompted that the signal strength is large at the moment and the signal source has entered a preset distance range. The application assists positioning through a dual change mechanism of tone and volume, and improves positioning efficiency and environmental adaptability.

A frequency mixer arrangement (300, 400, 500, 600) for receiving a first input signal (LOin) and a second input signal (IFin; RFin), for mixing the first and the second input signals to provide a frequency mixed signal (RFout; IFout), and for providing the frequency mixed signal as an output signal. The frequency mixer arrangement (300, 400, 500, 600) comprises: a first transistor (210), wherein the first transistor (210) is configured to receive the first and the second input signals at a control terminal (211) of the first transistor (210) and to mix the first and the second input signals to provide the frequency mixed signal from a current-sourcing terminal (213) of the first transistor (210), and wherein the first transistor (210) is configured to receive a first bias voltage (Vb1) at the control terminal (211) of the first transistor (210) and to receive a first supply voltage (Vcc1) at a current-collecting terminal (212) of the first transistor (210); and a diode (250), wherein an anode (251) of the diode (250) is galvanically connected to the current-sourcing terminal (213) of the first transistor (210) and a cathode (252) of the diode (250) is galvanically connected to ground, wherein the frequency mixer arrangement (300, 400, 500, 600) further comprises an inductive component (380) connected in series between the anode (251) of the diode (250) and the current-sourcing terminal (213) of the first transistor (210).

A method and apparatus are described for bio-impedance measurement using voltage to current conversion. In one example, a bio-impedance transducer includes an input stage to receive a bio-impedance signal having an oscillating voltage from two electrodes, the electrodes being coupled to a body, a resistance across the two electrodes to determine an alternating current of the bio-impedance signal, a gain stage coupled to the resistance to amplify the alternating current, a down converter coupled to the gain stage to convert the amplified alternating current to a direct current bio-impedance signal, and an analog-to-digital converter coupled to the down converter to convert the direct current bio-impedance signal to a digital bio-impedance signal.

In one example, an RF oscillator system includes a laser source configured to emit laser light, a housing, a crystalline microresonator disposed within the housing, and a photonic integrated circuit disposed within the housing, the photonic integrated circuit including an optical waveguide network and configured to generate a clock signal based on the laser light. The RF oscillator system may further include at least one photonic wirebond configured to couple the laser light between the optical waveguide network and the crystalline microresonator via evanescent coupling; laser control circuitry disposed within the housing and configured to lock a frequency of the laser light to a resonance of the microresonator to generate the clock signal; and a direct digital synthesizer disposed within the housing and configured to produce a tunable oscillator signal based on the clock signal.

A radio frequency (RF) circuit and associated operating method include a mixer configured for independent second order intercept point (IP2) calibration. The mixer includes three ports and multiple dual-gate transistors interconnected therebetween for down-converting an RF input signal to a lower frequency baseband output signal. To optimize performance, front gates of the transistors are biased with a front gate bias voltage (Vfg). To adjust second order non-linearity, back gates of the transistors are biased using a first back gate bias voltage (Vbgp) for half of the transistors of the mixer and a second back gate bias voltage (Vbgm) for a different half of the transistors. The circuit can also include a front gate bias voltage generator for generating Vfg and a back gate bias voltage generator (including a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) with multiple DAC units) for generating Vbgp and Vbgm independent of Vfg.

Disclosed are example embodiments of harmonic mixer. The harmonic mixer including a multi-phase LO signal generator. Each phase of the multi-phase LO signal generator outputting an LO signal on a signal line. The harmonic mixer including a plurality of mixers. Each mixer of the plurality of mixers connected to a signal line. The mixer driven by an IF. The harmonic mixer including an output network coupled to the outputs of the plurality of mixers.

A system includes a mixer, an amplifier, and a switchable transformer. The switchable transformer includes a primary inductor coupled between a first output and a second output of the mixer, a first switch, a second switch, and a secondary inductor coupled between a first input and a second input of the amplifier, wherein the secondary inductor is magnetically coupled with the primary inductor. The secondary inductor includes a first inductor coupled between the first input of the amplifier and a first terminal of the first switch, a second inductor coupled between a second terminal of the first switch and the second input of the amplifier, a third inductor coupled between the first terminal of the first switch and a first terminal of the second switch, and a fourth inductor coupled between the second terminal of the first switch and a second terminal of the second switch.

In certain aspects, an apparatus includes a transformer comprising an input inductor and an output inductor, wherein the input inductor is magnetically coupled to the output inductor. The apparatus also includes a transconductance driver configured to drive the input inductor based on an input signal. The apparatus also includes a feedback circuit configured to detect an output voltage swing at the output inductor, generate a regulated voltage at the input inductor, and control the regulated voltage based on the detected output voltage swing.

The invention provides a double-balanced mixer, and relates to the technical field of microwave and millimeter wave circuits. The double-balanced mixer comprises a radio frequency plane balun, a local oscillator plane balun, an FET annular mixing core, a first FET tube and a second FET tube, the input end of the local oscillator plane balun is used for receiving a local oscillator signal, and the two output ends of the local oscillator plane balun are connected with the drain electrode of an FET tube in the FET annular mixing core; the input end of the radio frequency plane balun is used for receiving a radio frequency input signal, two output ends of the radio frequency plane balun are respectively connected with the grid electrodes of the first FET tube and the second FET tube, the source electrodes of the first FET tube and the second FET tube are grounded, and the drain electrodes of the first FET tube and the second FET tube are connected with the source electrodes of the FET tubes in the FET annular mixing core; and the drain electrode of the FET tube in the FET annular mixing core is connected to the intermediate frequency signal output end. The problem that a current mixer based on the GaAs HEMT technology is difficult to have the characteristics of low power consumption and small size can be solved.

The invention discloses a variable capacitance characteristic-based high-precision frequency mixing circuit, which comprises an input matching module, a choke filtering module, a power divider and n frequency mixing branches which are connected in sequence, and is characterized in that each frequency mixing branch has the same structure and comprises a frequency selection network, a field effect transistor MOSi, an inductor Li, a high-pass filtering module and an output matching module. Impedance matching and phase modulation are carried out on an input signal through the input matching module, then the input signal enters the choke filtering module to be filtered, then the input signal is equally divided into n input signals through the power divider, the n input signals enter the frequency mixing branch to be subjected to frequency mixing output, n output signals with higher frequency are obtained, and weighted output is carried out according to the selection frequency of the frequency selection network part. And a final more accurate result is obtained. According to the invention, a more accurate signal frequency mixing effect can be realized, and the device has the characteristics of simple structure, low noise coefficient, low cost and low power consumption, and has a wide application prospect in the transmitting, receiving and processing directions of electric wave signals.

Circuitry (24) is provided that includes a matching circuit (100), a first mixer (50-1) coupled to the matching circuit and configured to receive a signal with an oscillation frequency, a second mixer (50-2) coupled to the matching circuit, a first transmission line path (102-1) coupled between the matching circuit (100) and an input of the first mixer (50-1), and one or more capacitors (104) coupled to the input of the first mixer (50-1) and configured to reject signals at a harmonic frequency of the oscillation frequency. The wireless circuitry (24) can further include a second transmission line path (102-2) coupled between the matching circuit (100) and an input of the second mixer (50-2). The transmission line path can include a first transmission line for conveying signals between the matching circuit (100) and the first mixer (50-1), a second transmission line for conveying signals between the matching circuit (100) and the first mixer (50-1), and a floating transmission line interposed between the first and second transmission lines.

The application relates to a broadband adjustable self-oscillation mixer, relating to the field of radio frequency microwave mixing technology. The application comprises a double-gate FET transistor which provides a local oscillation signal under the action of a DC bias and a YIG film resonator, a DC bias network which provides a DC power supply for the double-gate FET transistor, a source feedback network connected with the source of the double-gate FET transistor, a YIG film resonator connected with the gate of the double-gate FET transistor and connected with the DC bias network, a radio frequency input, filtering and matching network, and an intermediate frequency output, filtering and matching network. The application adopts the YIG film resonator to realize a wideband adjustment range of multiple frequency ranges and excellent phase noise characteristics, adopts the double-gate field effect transistor to realize higher linear frequency conversion gain and better noise performance, meanwhile, the inherent isolation between the two gates reaches more than 20 dB, and good isolation between the local oscillation signal and the radio frequency signal can be realized.

A mixer includes a transistor to which an IF signal of ae positive phase side is input, a transistor to which an IF signal of a negative phase side is input, a transistor to which an LO signal is input, and a synthesizer which synthesizes components of a RF frequency band output from the drain terminals of the transistors in a negative phase, and synthesizes components of an IF frequency band output from the drain terminals of the transistors in the same phase.

The invention relates to oscillator feedthrough mitigation for multiple mixers. A circuit is provided, the circuit comprising: a matching circuit; a first mixer coupled to the matching circuit and configured to receive a signal having an oscillation frequency; a second mixer coupled to the matching circuit; a first transmission line path coupled between the matching circuit and an input of the first mixer; and one or more capacitors coupled to the input of the first mixer and configured to suppress a signal at a harmonic frequency of the oscillation frequency. The wireless circuitry may also include a second transmit line path coupled between the matching circuit and an input of the second mixer. The transmit line path may include: a first transmit line for transmitting a signal between the matching circuit and the first mixer; a second transmit line for transmitting a signal between the matching circuit and the first mixer; and a floating transmission line interposed between the first transmission line and the second transmission line.

This signal demodulator comprises: a semiconductor layer (200) that is cylindrical and that extends in a first direction; a gate (201) that is disposed away from the semiconductor layer (200) at a location partway between one end (200a) and the other end (200b) of the semiconductor layer (200); and a semiconductor layer (202) that is cylindrical, that extends in a second direction intersecting the first direction, and that is disposed away from the other end (200b) of the semiconductor layer (200) in the first direction. A modulation signal is input into the one end (200a) of the semiconductor layer (200), and a signal obtained by demodulating the modulation signal is output from the semiconductor layer (202).