The present invention belongs to the technical field of polymer materials, and particularly relates to a dual-curing peelable aqueous coating material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the raw materials comprise, by weight, 50-100 parts of a UV curable aqueous resin, 0.05-0.1 part of a leveling agent, 0.1-0.5 part of a wetting agent, 1-3 part of a thickener, 0.2-1 part of a defoamer, 2-5 parts of a film forming aid, 3-6 parts of a photoinitiator, 3-6 parts of a thermal initiator, 0.1-0.3 part of an anti-mildew and antibacterial agent, and 10-20 parts of an aqueous peeling agent. The preparation method comprises: adding partial wetting agent, partial defoamer and deionized water to a high-speed disperser, dispersing, adding an aqueous peeling agent, adding a UV curable aqueous resin, the remaining defoamer, the remaining wetting agent, a thickener, a leveling agent, a film forming aid, a thermal initiator, a photoinitiator and an anti-mildew and antibacterial agent, uniformly stirring, continuously dispersing, uniformly mixing, and filtering so as to obtain the product. The dual-curing peelable aqueous coating material of the present invention has characteristics of environmental protection, complete drying, relatively short drying time, good anti-rust effect, and good peeling effect.