34results about How to "Excessive emission" patented technology

The present invention relates to a field emission device comprising an anode and a cathode, wherein said cathode includes carbon nanotubes nanotubes which have been subjected to energy, plasma, chemical, or mechanical treatment. The present invention also relates to a field emission cathode comprising carbon nanotubes which have been subject to such treatment. A method for treating the carbon nanotubes and for creating a field emission cathode is also disclosed. A field emission display device containing carbon nanotube which have been subject to such treatment is further disclosed.

A light emitting module 150 emits light through a light exit window 104 and comprises a base 110, a solid state light emitter 154, 156 and a partially diffusive reflective layer 102. The base 110 has a light reflective surface 112 which faces towards the light exit window 104. The light reflective surface 112 has a base reflection coefficient Rbase which i defined by a ratio between the amount of light that is reflected by the light reflective surface and the amount of light that impinges on the light reflective surface. The solid state light emitter 154, 156 emits light of a first color range 114, comprises a top surface 152, 158 and has a solid state light emitter reflection coefficient R_SSL which is defined by a ratio between the amount of light that is reflected by the solid state emitter 154, 156 and the amount of light that impinges on the top surface 152, 158 of the solid state light emitter 154, 156. The light exit window 104 comprises at least a part of the partially diffusive reflective layer 102. A solid state light emitter area ratio ρSSL is defined as the ratio between the area of the top surface of the at least one solid state light emitter and the area of the light reflective surface of the base. A relatively efficient light emitting module is obtained if Rbase>R_SSL+c*(1−R_SSL) and the factor c is 0.2≦c≦1 for 0<ρSSL<0.1, 0.3≦c≦1 for 0.1≦ρSSL≦0.25, and 0.4≦c≦1 for ρSSL>0.25.

The present invention relates to a field emission device comprising an anode and a cathode, wherein said cathode includes carbon nanotubes which have been treated with an ion beam. The ion beam may be any ions, including gallium, hydrogen, helium, argon, carbon, oxygen, and xenon ions. The present invention also relates to a field emission cathode comprising carbon nanotubes, wherein the nanotubes have been treated with an ion beam. A method for treating the carbon nanotubes and for creating a field emission cathode is also disclosed. A field emission display device containing carbon nanotube which have been treated with an ion beam is further disclosed.

The present invention relates to a field emission device comprising an anode and a cathode, wherein said cathode includes carbon nanotubes which have been treated with an ion beam. The ion beam may be any ions, including gallium, hydrogen, helium, argon, carbon, oxygen, and xenon ions. The present invention also relates to a field emission cathode comprising carbon nanotubes, wherein the nanotubes have been treated with an ion beam. A method for treating the carbon nanotubes and for creating a field emission cathode is also disclosed. A field emission display device containing carbon nanotube which have been treated with an ion beam is further disclosed.

The invention can be summarized as follows. There is provided a method for oxidizing elemental mercury in a combustion process comprising, adding a composition comprising an aluminum silicate to a combustion chamber, boiler or kiln downstream from the burner region combustion zone. There is further provided a method for reducing the emission of one or more heavy metals in a combustion process by adding a composition comprising an aluminum silicate to a combustion chamber downstream from the burner region combustion zone. There is also provided a composition comprising an aluminum silicate that may be employed to oxidize elemental mercury generated in a combustion process. The composition also may be employed to reduce the emission of one or more heavy metals generated in a combustion process.

A process for keeping coke oven chambers hot during the stoppage of a waste heat boiler. The coke oven chambers are kept hot after emptying using externally heated burners, in which a flue gas low in pollutants is obtained from the burners. The waste heat boilers which, during normal operation, cool the flue gases can be shut off and overhauled, and a flue gas low in pollutants which can be dissipated directly into the atmosphere is obtained by the burner operation. Also disclosed is an apparatus for keeping coke oven chambers hot, the apparatus has a coke oven chamber bench, a flue gas collection line, a flue gas chimney, a waste heat boiler, a waste gas collection line and a waste gas purification system, wherein the flue gas chimney and the waste heat boiler can be shut off on the flue gas side and on the waste gas side.

A system is provided which, when integrated with an internal combustion engine, generates hydrogen and oxygen gases to enrich an internal combustion engine's petroleum fuel source. The system's primary components are a gas generation unit, heated water supply tanks, and a gas combiner for mixing generated hydrogen and oxygen gas with petroleum fuel to create hydrogenated and oxygenated petroleum fuel. The gas generation unit includes at least one cathode, at least one anode, vacuum regulatory units, a thermal transfer system, an electrical heating element, a feedwater management system, a gas collection and supply system, and water traps. The heated water tanks include a thermal transfer system, pressure and regulatory units as well as a distillation apparatus for producing distilled water. Electrical power is supplied to the system's power amplifier from the internal combustion engine's alternator or associated electrical system.

The present invention relates to a field emission device comprising an anode and a cathode, wherein said cathode includes carbon nanotubes nanotubes which have been subjected to energy, plasma, chemical, or mechanical treatment. The present invention also relates to a field emission cathode comprising carbon nanotubes which have been subject to such treatment. A method for treating the carbon nanotubes and for creating a field emission cathode is also disclosed. A field emission display device containing carbon nanotube which have been subject to such treatment is further disclosed.

Methods and systems are provided for delivering gaseous fuel as multiple fuel injections split between an intake stroke, a compression stroke, and / or a power stroke to expedite exhaust catalyst heating during an engine cold-start. Fuel injected in the intake and compression stroke is ignited and combusted. The power stroke fuel injections are combusted in the exhaust port to increase exhaust temperature and pressure for faster catalyst light-off.

A light emitting module (150) emits light through a light exit window (104) and comprises a base (110), a solid state light emitter (154, 158) and a partially diffusive reflective layer (102). The base (110) has a light reflective surface (112) which faces towards the light exit window (104). The light reflective surface (112) has a base reflection coefficient Rbase which is defined by a ratio between the amount of light that is reflected by the light reflective surface and the amount of light that impinges on the light reflective surface. The solid state light emitter (154, 158) emits light of a first color range (114), comprises a top surface (152, 158) and has a solid state light emitter reflection coefficient R_SSL which is defined by a ratio between the amount of light that is reflected by the solid state emitter (154,156) and the amount of light that impinges on the top surface (152, 158) of the solid state light emitter (1154, 156). A largest linear size dssL of the top surface (106) of the at least one solid state light emitter is defined as the longest distance from a point on the top surface (152, 158) of the at least one solid state light emitter to another point on the top surface (152, 158) of the at least one solid state light emitter along a straight line. The light exit window (104) comprises at least a part of the partially diffusive reflective layer (102). A solid state light emitter area ratio ρSSL is defined as the ratio between the area of the top surface of the at least one solid state light emitter and the area of the light reflective surface of the base. A gap with a distance h is present between the top surface (152, 158) of the at least one solid state light emitter

An aerated composite material produced from carbonatable calcium silicate compositions (carbonation cured AAC) that has a compressive strength equivalent to autoclaved aerated concrete (ordinary AAC) at substantially the same density and a process of production of the same are provided. The composite material of the present invention comprises: a plurality of bonding elements, each including a core comprising calcium silicate, a first layer which partially or fully surrounds the core and is rich in SiO2, and a second layer which partially or fully surrounds the first layer and is rich in CaCO3; a plurality of filler particles having their particle sizes ranging from 0.1 μm to 1000 μm; and a plurality of voids; wherein the plurality of bonding elements and plurality of filler particles together form a bonding matrix and are substantially evenly dispersed in the matrix and bonded together, the plurality of voids are bubble-shaped and / or interconnected channels, a pore volume with a radius of 0.004 μm to 10.0 μm in the plurality of voids is 0.30 ml / composite material 1 g or less, and a estimated compressive strength expressed by the following formula (1): estimated compressive strength (absolute dry density=0.50)=compressive strength×(0.50÷absolute dry density)2 is 2.0 N / mm2 or greater.

A light emitting module includes at least one LED mounted on a reflective base and surrounded by reflective walls to form a cavity. A partially diffusive layer containing a phosphor is mounted above the LED with a gap therebetween. Some of the light emitted by the phosphor is backscattered toward the LED, base, and walls. The LED absorbs a significant amount of the light, while the reflective base and walls efficiently reflect over 90% of the light back toward the phosphor layer for exiting the module. Various equations are provided that allow the designer to select an optimal gap between the LED and the partially diffusive layer to maximize light extraction efficiency out of the diffusive layer. The optimal gap range for maximizing light extraction efficiency is a product of LED largest linear length, LED surface area, base area, wall area, and reflective coefficients of the various elements.

In a mechanical apparatus having a diesel engine including a combustion chamber, the mechanical apparatus also having an aftertreatment device configured to treat emissions from the diesel engine and an intake valve for passing air into the combustion chamber, a method of operating the engine is disclosed, wherein the method includes performing at least one combustion in the combustion chamber at a first intake valve closure timing, determining a temperature of the aftertreatment device, and if the temperature of the aftertreatment device is equal to or below a preselected temperature threshold, then performing at least one combustion in the combustion chamber at a second intake valve closure timing to thereby increase the temperature of exhaust emitted by the diesel engine.

Exhaust aftertreatment systems and methods are described for reducing emissions output therefrom. In one example, an exhaust gas aftertreatment system comprises a first catalyst downstream of a branchpoint in a first exhaust pathway, a second catalyst downstream of the branchpoint in a second exhaust pathway, an electrical heater positioned upstream of the branchpoint for heating the exhaust flow, a control unit for adjusting an exhaust heating current of the electrical heater, and a valve for adjusting a distribution of exhaust flow to the first and second catalyst, the control unit including instructions to adjust the valve responsive to a substrate temperature within one or more of the first and second catalysts. In this way, an exhaust system with increased efficiency across a range of operating temperatures is realized that reduces emissions and energy expended during usage.

A light emitting module 150 emits light through a light exit window 104 and comprises a base 110, a solid state light emitter 154, 156 and a partially diffusive reflective layer 102. The base 110 has a light reflective surface 112 which faces towards the light exit window 104. The light reflective surface 112 has a base reflection coefficient Rbase which i defined by a ratio between the amount of light that is reflected by the light reflective surface and the amount of light that impinges on the light reflective surface. The solid state light emitter 154, 156 emits light of a first color range 114, comprises a top surface 152, 158 and has a solid state light emitter reflection coefficient R_SSL which is defined by a ratio between the amount of light that is reflected by the solid state emitter 154, 156 and the amount of light that impinges on the top surface 152, 158 of the solid state light emitter 154, 156. The light exit window 104 comprises at least a part of the partially diffusive reflective layer 102. A solid state light emitter area ratio ρSSL is defined as the ratio between the area of the top surface of the at least one solid state light emitter and the area of the light reflective surface of the base. A relatively efficient light emitting module is obtained if Rbase>R_SSL+c*(1−R_SSL) and the factor c is 0.2≦c≦1 for 0<ρSSL<0.1, 0.3≦c≦1 for 0.1≦ρSSL≦0.25, and 0.4≦c≦1 for ρSSL>0.25.

An electron emitter has an emitter section having a plate shape, a cathode electrode formed on a front surface of the emitter section, and an anode electrode formed on a back surface of the emitter section. A drive voltage from a pulse generation source is applied between the cathode electrode and the anode electrode through a resistor. The anode electrode is connected to GND (ground) through another resistor. A collector electrode is provided above the cathode electrode, and the collector electrode is coated with a fluorescent layer. A bias voltage is applied to the collector electrode through another resistor.

The present disclosure provides a backlight, a display device and a method for controlling backlighting thereof. The present disclosure relates to the field of display technology, and enables a display panel with uniform brightness. The backlight comprises a backplate and a light emitting unit which is arranged on a surface of the backplate. The light emitting unit comprises a substrate and a plurality of light sources which are fixed onto the substrate. The substrate comprises an attached part which is fixed to a central area of the surface of the backplate and a bendable part which forms a preset angle with a non-central area of the surface of the backplate.

In a mechanical apparatus having a diesel engine including a combustion chamber, the mechanical apparatus also having an aftertreatment device configured to treat emissions from the diesel engine and an intake valve for passing air into the combustion chamber, a method of operating the engine is disclosed, wherein the method includes performing at least one combustion in the combustion chamber at a first intake valve closure timing, determining a temperature of the aftertreatment device, and if the temperature of the aftertreatment device is equal to or below a preselected temperature threshold, then performing at least one combustion in the combustion chamber at a second intake valve closure timing to thereby increase the temperature of exhaust emitted by the diesel engine.

The present invention provides a rotary engine including a housing having therein N rob accommodating portions (N is a natural number equal to or greater than 3), and combustion chambers communicating with the rob accommodating portions, respectively, a rotor having N−1 robs eccentrically rotating centering on a center of the rob accommodating portions, and consecutively accommodated in the respective rob accommodating portions during the eccentric rotation, and combustion controllers provided at both sides of each combustion chamber, and configured to limit a combustion range of mixed gas, whereby an excessive emission of unburned gas caused in an existing rotary engine can be overcome, efficiency of the engine can be improved, and a rotary engine with an optimized design condition can be provided.

An exhaust gas recirculation system according to the present invention includes an EGR passage for introducing a part of exhaust gas emitted from an engine to an intake passage, the EGR passage communicating at one end thereof with the intake passage whereas at the other end thereof with an exhaust passage, an EGR control valve for controlling the flow rate of the exhaust gas flowing therein, the EGR control valve being disposed at one end of the EGR passage, an on-off valve for opening or closing the EGR passage, the on-off valve being disposed at the other end of the EGR passage, and a heat exchanger for cooling the exhaust gas introduced to the EGR passage, the heat exchanger) being disposed nearer the other end of the EGR passage than the on-off valve.

A method for operating a dual-fuel internal combustion engine, having an intake path and an engine having a number of cylinders. In the method the engine is operated in a first operating state in diesel operation with diesel or another liquid fuel, and in a second operating state in gas operation with gas as fuel in a charge mixture, and switching between diesel operation and gas operation takes place in a switchover range determined, in particular predetermined, by switchover operating parameters.

The invention can be summarized as follows. There is provided a method for oxidizing elemental mercury in a combustion process comprising, adding a composition comprising an aluminum silicate to a combustion chamber, boiler or kiln downstream from the burner region combustion zone. There is further provided a method for reducing the emission of one or more heavy metals in a combustion process by adding a composition comprising an aluminum silicate to a combustion chamber downstream from the burner region combustion zone. There is also provided a composition comprising an aluminum silicate that may be employed to oxidize elemental mercury generated in a combustion process. The composition also may be employed to reduce the emission of one or more heavy metals generated in a combustion process.

A luminaire (1) is disclosed comprising at least one optical chamber (10) delimited by a light exit window (11) and a curved reflective surface (15) extending from the light exit window to a mounting surface (17) extending from the curved reflective surface towards the light exit window. Each optical chamber comprises a light source (20) mounted on the mounting surface; and a light guide (30) extending across part of the optical chamber. The light guide comprises a total internal reflection major surface (40) facing the light exit window; a further major surface (50) facing the curved reflective surface, said further major surface comprising a light outcoupling portion (51) comprising a plurality of light outcoupling structures (53); a first edge surface (60) optically coupled to the light source; and a further edge surface (70) opposite the first edge surface arranged to direct light towards the curved reflective surface.

Hot combustion products exchange heat with air in a heat exchanger of a condensing furnace. The hot combustion products flow on one side of the heat exchanger, and the air flows on the opposing side of the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is electrochemically coated with a coating of copper metal. The copper coating is oxidized with an aqueous oxidizing alkaline solution to form a matte black layer of cupric oxide. As the layer of cupric oxide is black, the layer has a high emissivity and emits more heat, increasing the efficiency of the primary heat exchanger. Alternatively, iron can be electrochemically coated on the primary heat exchanger and oxidized to black magnetite to increase emissivity.

Exhaust aftertreatment systems and methods are described for reducing emissions output therefrom. In one example, an exhaust gas aftertreatment system comprises a first catalyst downstream of a branchpoint in a first exhaust pathway, a second catalyst downstream of the branchpoint in a second exhaust pathway, an electrical heater positioned upstream of the branchpoint for heating the exhaust flow, a control unit for adjusting an exhaust heating current of the electrical heater, and a valve for adjusting a distribution of exhaust flow to the first and second catalyst, the control unit including instructions to adjust the valve responsive to a substrate temperature within one or more of the first and second catalysts. In this way, an exhaust system with increased efficiency across a range of operating temperatures is realized that reduces emissions and energy expended during usage.

A method for operating an internal combustion engine including an exhaust gas-driven supercharging device having an electric support drive. The method includes providing an operating point specification of the internal combustion engine, ascertaining a maximum admissible recuperation output in a recuperation mode of the electric support drive as a function of the operating point specification, and limiting the recuperation output to the maximum admissible recuperation output in the recuperation mode.