The invention provides a battery management system and a battery management method. The battery management system comprises a battery pack controller, N single battery controllers, N isolation transformers and a pair of multiplex buses; the battery pack controller is connected to the multiplex buses and used for managing a battery pack, each single battery controller is connected to the multiplex buses through one isolation transformer, the battery pack comprises N single batteries which are connected in series, each single battery controller manages one single battery, time division multiplexing is performed on the multiplex buses, therefore, the battery pack controller and the single battery controllers can achieve power transmission and signal transmission through the multiplex buses, the system design and implementation difficulty is lowered, and the system is beneficial for lowering the cost. Furthermore, each single battery controller and the corresponding single battery are arranged to be adjacent to each other in the space, therefore, the single battery controllers and the single batteries can be combined together at the structure level, historical data of the batteries is stored, and secondary use of the batteries is convenient.