The invention discloses a novel high-safety air draft device for a steel cylinder; the device comprises an air draft cover shell and a fixing hoop, the air draft cover shell is used for extracting gas leaked from a steel cylinder connector, and the fixing hoop is used for fixing the air draft cover shell to a steel cylinder; the air draft cover shell comprises two shell bodies, the fixing hoop is connected with one shell body, the two shell bodies are connected in a hinged mode, fixing faces are arranged on the sides, away from the hinged end, of the two shell bodies, through holes are formed in the two fixing faces, openings are formed in the two through holes, the through holes in the two fixing faces can form a closed through hole, the shell bodies are connected with exhaust pipes, and the exhaust pipe are communicated with the inner cavities of the shell bodies. a locking mechanism is arranged on each shell body and is used for tightly fixing the two shell bodies together; a pneumatic lock is arranged on one shell body and is in signal connection with a control terminal. The novel high-safety air draft device for the steel cylinder can prevent the staff from opening the air draft cover shell by mistake, so that the safety is improved, and meanwhile, the novel high-safety air draft device for the steel cylinder is simple in overall structure, convenient to operate and high in mounting efficiency.