66 results about "Flyback transformer" patented technology

The invention belongs to the technical field of battery equalization, and particularly relates to a double-layer topological structure equalization circuit based on double multi-winding flyback transformers and a control method. The system is applied to a battery module, the battery module is formed by connecting at least two battery packs in series in a positive-negative mode, each battery pack is formed by connecting a plurality of single batteries in series in a positive-negative mode, and the equalization circuit comprises at least two bottom layer equalization circuits which correspond to the battery packs in a one-to-one mode and are used for achieving equalization of the single batteries in the corresponding battery packs through inductors. And the top-layer equalization circuit is connected with each bottom-layer equalization circuit and is used for realizing inter-group equalization of each battery pack through the battery module double-target equalization circuit based on the double multi-winding flyback transformers. According to the technical scheme, global energy distribution can be achieved through the double multi-winding flyback transformers in the top-layer equalization circuit, local energy transfer can be achieved through the inductors in the bottom-layer equalization circuits, the equalization path is remarkably shortened, and the equalization speed and efficiency are improved.

The invention discloses a battery module double-target equalization circuit and method based on double multi-winding flyback transformers, a battery module is formed by connecting n single batteries numbered according to a position sequence in a positive-negative connection and series mode, and the equalization circuit is provided with one multi-winding flyback transformer on each of the left side and the right side of the battery module. The right side multi-winding flyback transformer II is used for discharging equalization of a high-electric-quantity battery, the left side multi-winding flyback transformer is used for charging equalization of a low-electric-quantity battery, and primary windings of the flyback transformers on the two sides are connected with the whole battery module through MOS tubes and diodes. And the upper end and the lower end of each secondary winding are respectively connected with the corresponding battery through one MOS tube and one diode to form a loop. According to the equalization method, the difference values relative to the SOC mean value in the single batteries are compared in real time, and the high-electric-quantity or low-electric-quantity battery with the large difference value is selected for charging and discharging, so that the equalization speed is improved.

A power supply applied to high-voltage input and low-ripple output of a high-voltage optical storage system comprises a filtering unit and a power taking photovoltaic high-voltage input bus; a voltage division circuit divides the output of the filter unit to charge an energy storage capacitor so as to supply power to the drive circuit unit; the flyback circuit unit comprises a flyback transformer, MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor) tubes and multiple flyback transformer windings, the driving circuit unit outputs synchronous PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signals to control the MOS tubes, each primary winding is bridged with the RCD absorption circuit and then is connected to the D pole of the MOS tube, the S pole of the MOS tube is connected with the next adjacent primary winding, and the flyback circuit unit inputs a voltage division circuit which is formed by bridged multiple resistors in series. The resistance is divided into equal parts corresponding to the number of windings, the S pole of each MOS tube is connected to a contact between two adjacent equal parts of series resistors, and the two ends of each equal part of series resistor are connected with a filter capacitor in parallel; the secondary output of the transformer is divided into multiple paths, one path forms first direct current output through the linear adjusting circuit unit, and the other path forms second direct current output through the rectifying and filtering circuit unit.

The invention relates to automatic reverse current regulation in an active clamped flyback converter. According to one embodiment, a method is presented that includes sensing a reverse current through a main switch of an active clamped flyback (ACF) converter. The ACF converter includes a flyback transformer and an auxiliary switch. The method further includes determining whether a sensed voltage corresponding to the reverse current exceeds a threshold; reducing a duration of the reverse current by an incremental time interval, the duration of the reverse current including a first incremental time interval, the duration of the reverse current corresponding to a duration in which the auxiliary switch is activated; increasing the duration by a second incremental time interval greater than the first incremental time interval, the increasing in response to the reverse current not exceeding the threshold; and activating the auxiliary switch for the duration to achieve zero voltage switching (ZVS).

The invention discloses a design method of a PCB (Printed Circuit Board) integrated multi-winding planar transformer, which comprises the following steps of: forming a flat spiral or snake-shaped wire, a primary winding and a secondary winding on a multi-layer PCB through an etching process; the primary winding and the secondary winding are alternately arranged in different layers of the PCB, and an even-number-layer symmetrical laminated structure is adopted for layout; a flaky soft magnetic material with high magnetic conductivity is selected as a magnetic core, and the magnetic core is embedded into the slotting area of the PCB to be fixed; a grounding shielding layer is inserted between the adjacent winding layers; a heat conduction via hole array is arranged in a winding area of the PCB, heat generated by a winding layer is conducted to a large-area heat dissipation copper foil on the bottom layer of the PCB, and a vertical heat dissipation channel is formed. According to the planar flyback transformer, the windings are etched on the multi-layer PCB, the alternating symmetrical layout is adopted, the magnetic core is embedded, and the shielding layer and the heat conduction via hole array are arranged, so that the integrated design of the planar flyback transformer is realized.

The invention belongs to the technical field of battery equalization, and particularly relates to a series battery pack equalization system based on double-layer topology and a control method. The system is applied to at least two battery packs, each battery pack comprises a plurality of single batteries, and the system comprises at least two bottom layer equalization circuits which are respectively in one-to-one correspondence with the battery packs and are used for realizing equalization of the single batteries in the corresponding battery packs through inductors; and the top-layer equalization circuit is connected with each bottom-layer equalization circuit and is used for realizing inter-group equalization of each battery pack through a flyback transformer. The series battery pack equalization system provided by the invention has a flyback transformer-inductor double-layer battery equalization circuit structure, can directly realize energy transfer between and in each battery pack, shortens an equalization path, reduces resource loss caused by step-by-step energy transfer in an equalization process, and improves equalization efficiency; meanwhile, the size of the system is reduced, and the equalization cost is reduced.

The application discloses a flyback transformer winding loss evaluation method, device, equipment and storage medium, and the method comprises the following steps: acquiring electrical data in a preset switching period, and actual primary side current waveform and actual secondary side current waveform of a to-be-tested flyback transformer under the electrical data, and constructing a current calculation model to obtain a primary side current change function and a secondary side current change function; then, the primary side current change function and the secondary side current change function are subjected to Fourier decomposition to obtain a primary side DC component, a primary side harmonic component, a secondary side DC component and a secondary side harmonic component; then, selected primary side harmonic components, selected primary side harmonic frequencies, selected secondary side harmonic components and selected secondary side harmonic frequencies are determined; subsequently, the primary side AC resistance, the primary side DC resistance, the secondary side AC resistance and the secondary side DC resistance of the flyback transformer are acquired; finally, the winding loss value of the to-be-tested flyback transformer is calculated. Through implementation of the application, the winding loss of the flyback transformer can be quantitatively calculated.

The application relates to the technical field of power electronic converter control, and provides a three-port flyback DC-AC converter, characterized in that the three-port flyback DC-AC converter comprises a flyback circuit, a power frequency reverse bridge, an AC-DC converter and a CL filter which are sequentially connected in cascade; the AC-DC converter is an AC-DC three-winding flyback converter which can realize power factor correction function, and is realized through active device multiplexing and magnetic component multiplexing, and comprises a flyback transformer T 2, excitation inductance L f , output switch Q 3, Q 4; the modulation method is to calculate instantaneous output power P o , judge the operation mode of the system, and respectively perform active modulation, reactive modulation or mixed modulation, so that the power factor is adjusted through the modulation method.

The invention discloses a lithium battery double-layer equalization method based on an improved Buck-Boost circuit and a flyback transformer, double-layer topology is adopted, the improved Buck-Boost circuit is adopted in a bottom layer, energy transfer between any single bodies is realized through an inductor and an MOSFET switch array, and the method comprises three stages: high-energy single body discharging, inductor energy storage and low-energy single body charging, and a dead zone is set to prevent magnetic saturation; the top layer adopts a flyback multi-winding transformer, and inter-group energy transfer, including energy storage of a high-energy group and charging of a low-energy group, is realized through magnetic coupling of primary and secondary sides. A control strategy adopts an intra-group extreme value range method and an inter-group mean value difference method. The method improves the equalization speed, efficiency and reliability, supports simultaneous equalization of multiple cells / groups, can work independently in case of faults, and is suitable for large-scale battery packs.

To accurately control an output voltage of a piezoelectric actuator without switching the operation mode between charging and discharging of the piezoelectric actuator.SOLUTION: A drive circuit of a piezoelectric actuator includes: a flyback transformer in which a primary winding is connected to a DC power supply and a secondary winding is connected to the piezoelectric actuator; a charge switch connected to the primary winding; a discharge switch connected to the secondary winding; a regenerative capacitor connected to the primary winding, in which discharge energy of the piezoelectric actuator is regenerated; and a switch control unit that controls on / off operations of the charge switch and the discharge switch. The switch control unit controls an applied voltage of the piezoelectric actuator by controlling on / off operations of the charge switch and the discharge switch to repeatedly perform charging and discharging of the piezoelectric actuator.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

The present application relates to a kind of double anti-star transformer rectification harmonic suppression control method.By establishing the rectification bridge arm phase characteristic parameter table in control platform, the theoretical conduction phase of bridge arm, winding attribution and waveform synchronization characteristic are recorded;In the operation process of rectification control unit, the output current of transformer and bridge arm conduction state are collected, and rectification operation state data set is generated;The conduction phase offset of bridge arm is calculated, the corresponding harmonic component is analyzed, and the mapping relationship between bridge arm state and harmonic distribution is obtained.According to the mapping result, it is judged whether the current bridge arm configuration meets the phase coverage requirement of target rectification pulse number, if not, select the standby bridge arm group with preset phase difference and generate switching instruction.Rectification control unit responds to instruction to lock current bridge arm conduction path and release target bridge arm group, realize bridge arm resource dynamic reconstruction and rectification performance optimization.The present application can effectively suppress harmonic, improve the topology adaptability and output quality of rectification system.

The invention belongs to the technical field of high-voltage direct-current power supplies, and particularly relates to a high-voltage direct-current power supply device based on a positive polarity Marx circuit and a flyback transformer. The high-voltage direct-current power supply device comprises an input alternating-current power supply, an alternating-current rectification module, a positive polarity Marx circuit, a flyback transformer and a post-stage rectification circuit, after an alternating current power supply is converted into direct current through the rectifier module, the direct current serves as charging input of the positive polarity Marx circuit. Through parallel charging and series discharging modes of the positive polarity Marx circuit, energy is transmitted to the flyback transformer to realize a flyback operation mode, and finally stable high-voltage direct current is output through the rectification circuit. According to the invention, the problem of cooperative operation between the positive polarity Marx circuit and the flyback transformer is solved; the improved Marx circuit structure not only provides higher output voltage, but also remarkably improves the power transmission efficiency and the voltage gain of the system, and meets the high-voltage direct current application requirements.

The utility model discloses a primary side feedback bidirectional flyback voltage conversion circuit based on an auxiliary coil commutation circuit. The primary side feedback bidirectional flyback voltage conversion circuit comprises a flyback transformer, an auxiliary coil commutation unit, a control unit and a main power loop. The auxiliary coil reversing unit is connected with the control unit; the control unit is connected with the main power loop, and the main power loop is connected with the flyback transformer; wherein the auxiliary coil commutation unit is used for enabling a coil of the flyback transformer to be subjected to commutation when the circuit is in a reverse DCDC conversion mode. By implementing the circuit provided by the utility model, a more efficient and safer battery equalization solution can be provided for the battery pack, the cost is lower and the stability is higher than that of the traditional secondary side feedback scheme, the key problems in the current equalization technology can be solved, and the circuit can be widely applied to a battery management system and has a wide application prospect. And the service life and efficiency of the whole battery pack are improved.

In an example embodiment, a method comprising identifying, by a primary-side controlled Universal Serial Bus Power Delivery (USB-PD) alternating current to direct current (AC-DC) converter, a first pulse, wherein the first pulse is received from a pulse transformer. The method further includes determining that a threshold duration of time is satisfied. In response to determining that the threshold duration of time is satisfied, the method includes identifying a second pulse, wherein the second pulse is received from the pulse transformer. The first pulse and the second pulse are used for control of a high-side field effect transistor (FET) and a low-side FET, where the high-side FET is coupled to an active clamp flyback (ACF) circuit and the low-side FET is coupled to a flyback transformer of the USB-PD AC-DC converter. In response to identifying the second pulse, the method further includes controlling operation of the high-side FET or the low-side FET.

The invention relates to a power supply circuit and a DC-DC converter. The filtering module is used for filtering the high-frequency signal according to an input signal of a power supply bus of the power supply circuit to obtain a filtered signal; the modulation circuit is used for adjusting the voltage difference between the initial output voltage and the reference voltage of the power supply circuit according to the intermediate frequency signal representing the metadata and the high frequency signal representing the communication data segment to obtain a communication signal representing the communication data segment; the frequency of the intermediate-frequency signal is higher than that of the high-frequency signal; the flyback transformer module is used for adjusting the filtered signal according to the time when the communication signal is conducted, and transforming the adjusted filtered signal to obtain a target output voltage of the power supply circuit; the target output voltage is used for performing power supply and communication on the DC-DC converter; the initial output voltage is an output voltage generated prior to the target output voltage. According to the invention, the power transmission line can be reused, and communication can be ensured while normal power supply is realized.

This invention provides an auxiliary power supply control circuit, an auxiliary power supply, and a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter. The auxiliary power supply control circuit includes a power supply chip, a flyback transformer, an undervoltage shutdown circuit, and a switching circuit. The first secondary side of the flyback transformer supplies power to the power supply chip through its power supply port. The primary side of the flyback transformer responds to a control signal from the output port of the power supply chip, causing the auxiliary power supply to start according to a corresponding startup voltage. The undervoltage shutdown circuit is powered by the first secondary side of the flyback transformer. The undervoltage shutdown circuit instructs the power supply chip to shut down the auxiliary power supply when the startup voltage of the primary side of the flyback transformer is less than the voltage at the undervoltage protection shutdown point. The switching circuit controls the undervoltage shutdown circuit to start after a preset delay time when the auxiliary power supply starts. By adding the switching circuit, the startup of the undervoltage shutdown circuit is delayed when the auxiliary power supply starts, thereby preventing leakage current from the undervoltage shutdown circuit from affecting the auxiliary power supply's startup at the normal startup voltage.

The application discloses a method for winding of a flyback transformer with extremely low leakage inductance, wherein the primary winding is wired on the same layer and the same side, and the secondary winding is wired on the same side but different layers, so that the loop area of the wired end is greatly reduced, the coil loop is more complete, the coupling degree of the primary winding and the secondary winding is enhanced, the leakage inductance of the transformer can be reduced to an extremely low value, the primary winding and the secondary winding are wound on the magnetic core in an interlaced and stacked manner, the leakage inductance of the transformer is reduced, the magnetic loss is reduced, and meanwhile, the copper loss and the parasitic capacitance between turns are not increased.

A power converter includes a capacitor, and first, second, and third legs coupled in parallel with the capacitor. The power converter further includes a flyback transformer having a first inductor and a second inductor, and a buck stage coupled in series between a first terminal of a power source and a first terminal of the first inductor. A second terminal of the first inductor is coupled between the first and second switching elements of the first leg. A first terminal of the second inductor is coupled between third and fourth switching elements of the second leg and to a second terminal of the power source. A second terminal of the second inductor is coupled between fifth and sixth switching elements of the third leg.

Communication of fault indications between a primary controller and a secondary controller in a secondary controlled flyback converter is described. In one embodiment, an apparatus includes a primary side field effect transistor (FET) coupled to a flyback transformer, the flyback transformer coupled to the primary side FET, and a primary side controller coupled to the flyback transformer. The primary side controller is configured to receive a signal from a secondary side controller across an electrical isolation barrier, apply a pulse signal to the primary side FET to turn on and turn off the primary side FET in response to the signal, communicate information across the flyback transformer to the secondary side controller by changing a first pulse width of the pulse signal to a second pulse width and applying the pulse signal having the second pulse width to the primary side FET.

The utility model discloses a driving device and electric driving equipment. The driving device comprises a flyback transformer circuit, a driving circuit and a feedback circuit. Wherein the input end of the flyback transformer circuit is connected with the power supply circuit, the output end of the flyback transformer circuit is connected with the input end of the feedback circuit, and the output end of the feedback circuit is connected with the control circuit; the flyback transformer circuit is configured to receive a control signal provided by the control circuit, perform voltage conversion on a first voltage provided by the power supply circuit according to the control signal, and generate a second voltage; the output end of the flyback transformer circuit is further connected with the input end of the driving circuit, the output end of the driving circuit is connected with a coil of the relay, and the driving circuit is configured to provide the second voltage for the coil so that a contact of the relay can be closed. Therefore, stable power supply voltage can be provided for the coil of the relay, and the safety and reliability of the circuit are improved.

The present invention discloses an active battery balancing circuit that utilizes the correlation of the voltage of each winding of a flyback transformer being clamped by a battery, including a control unit, a drive unit, and a charging battery pack; before the battery is balanced and charged, the total voltage is tested to calculate the average voltage of all battery packs; the voltage of each battery pack in the test circuit is tested, the voltage difference between the voltage of all battery packs and the average voltage is calculated, and the battery to be charged is selected according to the relationship between the voltage difference and a preset threshold. The circuit and method enable the battery to be balanced with a large current at any time, so that all single cells in the battery pack can be charged to their highest voltage at the same time, and discharged to their lowest voltage at the same time, fully improving the capacity and utilization of the battery pack, and maintaining the simplicity and high efficiency of the system. The simplicity of the single-ended flyback transformer and the correlation of the voltage of the same transformer winding are utilized to reduce the number of transformers and the sampling points. The balancing is fast.

This invention provides a switching control circuit that suppresses malfunctions of the protection mechanism regardless of the input voltage. [Solution] The switching control circuit (1, 1A, 1B) includes a first control circuit (3) configured to turn off the switching element (M1) when a current detection signal (Vcs) corresponding to the current (Ip) flowing through the switching element (M1) on the primary side of the flyback transformer (FT) reaches a first threshold (V1), and a second control circuit (4) configured to turn off the switching element (M1) after a fixed time (Tm) has elapsed since the switching element (M1) was turned on while the current detection signal (Vcs) had not reached a second threshold (V2) which is smaller than the first threshold (V1). The second control circuit (4) includes a fixed time setting circuit (42, 44, 45) configured to change the fixed time (Tm).

The rapid wiring terminal structure comprises a terminal strip and a rapid insertion terminal, the terminal strip comprises a shell, a plurality of fixed power connection columns are fixedly inserted in the shell, a plurality of through holes are formed in the shell, movable power connection pipes are movably arranged in the through holes in a sleeved mode, an installation plate is fixedly connected in the shell, and the installation plate is fixedly connected with the rapid insertion terminal. A plurality of sliding holes corresponding to the movable power connection pipes are formed in the mounting plate, the movable power connection pipes penetrate through the mounting plate through the sliding holes, the movable power connection pipes are fixedly sleeved with limiting ring plates, reset springs are fixedly connected between the limiting ring plates and the mounting plate, and the quick plug terminal comprises a shell clamped outside the shell. According to the utility model, the wiring terminal can be electrified only in a completely closed state, the use safety is improved, and the protective shell and the protective plugboard can prevent the binding post from being exposed outside, so that the use safety of the wiring terminal of the return-stroke transformer is further improved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of high-voltage direct-current power supplies, and particularly relates to a high-voltage direct-current power supply device based on a negative single-bridge-arm Marx circuit and a flyback transformer. The high-voltage direct-current power supply device comprises an input alternating-current power supply, a rectification module, a negative polarity Marx circuit module, a flyback transformer and a post-stage rectification circuit. Alternating current is converted into direct current through the rectification module, and charging input is provided for the negative polarity Marx circuit; in the negative polarity Marx circuit, the energy is transmitted to the flyback transformer through an operation mode of parallel charging and series discharging, and finally stable high-voltage direct current is output through a post-stage rectification circuit. According to the invention, the key technical problem of cooperative operation of the Marx circuit and the flyback transformer is effectively solved; according to the optimized Marx circuit structure, the system output voltage and the voltage gain are remarkably improved, and the overall power transmission efficiency is improved.

The embodiment of the utility model provides a double-transistor flyback power supply circuit. A driving transformer of the double-transistor flyback power supply circuit comprises a first primary side coil, a first secondary side coil and a second secondary side coil. The flyback transformer comprises a second primary side coil. The second electrode of the first switch tube is electrically coupled with the first end of the second primary side coil and the second end of the first secondary side coil, and the control electrode of the first switch tube is electrically coupled to the first end of the first secondary side coil. The first electrode of the second switch tube is electrically coupled with the second end of the second primary side coil, the second electrode of the second switch tube is electrically coupled with the second end of the second secondary side coil, and the control electrode of the second switch tube is electrically coupled to the first end of the second secondary side coil. The driving circuit is electrically coupled with the first primary side coil to transmit a pulse width modulation signal to the first primary side coil. The driving circuit is suitable for being electrically coupled with a direct current power supply end.

The utility model discloses a double-circulation active equalization circuit based on a flyback transformer, which comprises an AFE acquisition unit, a master control equalization module, an isolation communication unit and a control unit, and is characterized in that the AFE acquisition unit is used for acquiring the voltage of a single battery and transmitting the voltage to the control unit through the isolation communication unit; receiving the identification information sent by the control unit and transmitting the identification information to the active balancing module; the control unit is used for judging the single batteries needing to be equalized according to the voltage of the single batteries, marking the single batteries, forming identification information and transmitting the identification information to the AFE acquisition unit; and the active equalization module is used for carrying out internal and external circulation battery equalization on the single batteries in the identification information. By implementing the circuit provided by the invention, the problems of low equalization speed, low efficiency, large physical space requirement, capability of equalizing only one battery unit at a time and the like in the existing battery equalization technology can be solved, and the imbalance phenomenon of a high-capacity battery pack is difficult to effectively solve.

The invention discloses a high-voltage input isolation type power supply device, which belongs to the technical field of switching power supplies and comprises a high-voltage input unit, a flyback power conversion unit, a multi-path output voltage unit, an isolation feedback unit and a protection and starting unit. The high-voltage input unit is used for receiving direct-current voltage of 200V to 800V; the flyback power conversion unit adopts a multi-winding flyback transformer and a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) controller; the multi-path output voltage unit provides multi-path isolated direct current output through a plurality of secondary windings of a transformer and a rectification filter circuit; the isolation feedback unit collects an output signal through an optocoupler and feeds the output signal back to the PWM controller to form voltage outer loop control. The technical problem that a conventional power supply cannot adapt to an ultra-wide high-voltage input range is solved through double-closed-loop control, seven-path isolated output and an optimized high-voltage starting and soft starting circuit, and the conversion efficiency is 80% or above.

The invention relates to the field of new energy automobile motor controllers, in particular to a flyback transformer design method and system, electronic equipment and a readable medium. The method comprises the following steps: receiving input parameters required by the design of the flyback transformer; calculating the maximum primary inductance under the discontinuous conduction mode and the primary inductance under the minimum input voltage based on the input parameters; comparing the primary side inductance under the minimum input voltage with the maximum primary side inductance, and determining a working mode; if in the discontinuous conduction mode, calculating a peak current, a turn ratio and a minimum duty ratio in the discontinuous conduction mode; if in the continuous conduction mode, calculating a peak current, a turn ratio and a maximum duty ratio in the continuous conduction mode; the flyback transformer design parameters are generated based on the calculation result, through the design method, the key parameters of the transformer can be directly calculated only by inputting part of the parameters, the design process is greatly simplified, the design time is saved, and the rationality of the actual transformer design can be evaluated through the calculation function.

The application discloses a starting conduction control circuit and device of a flyback switching power supply, wherein a first voltage detection module is arranged to obtain the grid power output voltage of the flyback transformer switching power supply circuit, namely the first voltage; a second voltage detection module is arranged to obtain the secondary coil output voltage of the flyback transformer switching power supply circuit, namely the second voltage; and when the first voltage and the second voltage are not zero, the auxiliary coil output voltage of the flyback transformer switching power supply circuit is conducted to the load through a conduction control module, at this time, the flyback power control chip has been started and completed, the auxiliary coil realizes power supply to the flyback power control chip and the load, and the normal starting of the flyback power control chip is not affected; since the series resistance value between the primary coil and the flyback power control chip power input pin does not need to be reduced, and a secondary coil for power supply to the load does not need to be introduced, the problems of increased loss and reduced transformer coil utilization rate do not exist.

This application relates to the field of battery management technology and discloses a bidirectional active balancing control system and its control chip for a multi-cell series-connected battery pack. The system includes a primary-side energy storage terminal, a flyback transformer, a primary-side control chip, a secondary-side control chip, and an optocoupler communication module. The secondary-side control chip integrates N power channel switches and selects between cells to be discharged and cells to be charged via selection signals output from a cell voltage monitoring module. The energy from the cell to be discharged is transferred to the cell to be charged after passing through the flyback transformer and the primary-side energy storage terminal, achieving bidirectional energy transfer between any two cells. This system requires only two control chips to complete the active balancing of a multi-cell battery pack, exhibiting high integration and simplified peripheral circuitry.