The invention discloses an aluminum alloy section mechanical polishing device. The aluminum alloy section mechanical polishing device comprises a machine body, wherein a moving cavity is arranged in the machine body, a moving block is arranged in the moving cavity in a sliding mode, a hydraulic cylinder is fixedly arranged on the moving block, telescopic shafts are arranged at the left end and theright end of the hydraulic cylinder, an installation rod is fixedly arranged at one end, far away from the moving block, of each telescopic shaft, and a polishing device is arranged in each installation rod. Two polishing rotary wheels symmetrical left and right and a driving wheel are arranged, polishing belts with polishing abrasive paper are in power connection between the polishing wheels andthe driving wheel, an aluminum alloy is processed through the rotation of the polishing belts, and the left polishing rotary wheel and the right polishing rotary wheel can be reasonably adjusted according to the size of an actual operation interval and the size of a polished area of the to-be-polished aluminum alloy, so that the space size of the device is reduced, and the use flexibility of thedevice is improved. Moreover, the five polishing belts between the polishing rotary wheels and the driving wheel have different fineness, the polishing belts are automatically replaced, the operationis simple and convenient, and the applicability is wide.