The invention discloses a method for building a simulation model of a rock core scale. The method comprises the steps of 1, measuring the porosity and the test permeability of a target rock core through experiments; 2, acquiring the pore radius probability distribution of the target rock core based on a mercury injection experiment; 3, building a permeability calculation model, and acquiring the permeability distribution; 4, based on permeability anisotropy parameters, building the simulation model of the rock core scale; 5, calculating the apparent permeability according to the simulation model of the rock core scale; and 6, calculating an error rate of the visual permeability and the test permeability, and when the error rate is smaller than a set error rate, acquiring the simulation model of the rock core scale, otherwise, repeating the steps 3-6, until the error rate is smaller than the set error rate, and acquiring the simulation model of the rock core scale at the moment. The method has the advantages that based on the anisotropy of the permeability, the non-homogeneity and anisotropy characteristics of a rock core can be truly reflected; the simulation model can simulate a flowing mechanism on a large scale; and the simulation speed is higher.