Analysis system (10, PROSAD) for the quantitative chemical analysis of samples (A, A-1, A- 2,....), preferably but not solely in the medical field, comprising detection instrumentation or equipment (30) designed to detect the quantity of the target analytes ( [x], [y], [z] ) present in the various samples (A, A1) to be analysed, which in turn comprises a chromatography system (31), an ion source (32) and a mass spectrometer (33); a data processing system (40, 42, 43, 44) designed to process the quantitative data of the target analytes present in the samples analysed, as detected by the detection equipment (30); and an innovative database (41) containing corrective and control data and coefficients (K, C, K1) to be used to calibrate and correct the instrumental response of the specific detection equipment (30) used to analyse the samples, wherein said corrective and control data and coefficients are determined and acquired by the database at a preliminary stage (51, 52) before the actual analysis of the samples, wherein the sample to be analysed is prepared with a universal dilution solution in order to minimise the corresponding matrix effect, and wherein the data processing system determines the quantitative data of the target analytes present in the samples analysed by processing the quantitative data (Q) detected by the detection equipment, namely the mass spectrometer, taking account of the corrective and control data and coefficients contained in the database. By comparison with the analysis systems currently in use, the system for quantitative analysis of samples according to the invention presents the significant advantage of not requiring, in order to calibrate the detection equipment during the analysis of multiple samples, continuous and expensive use, for each analysis, of commercial standards of the target analytes to be quantitated.