The invention discloses a testing device for achieving a plane strain state in a large-deformation range. The testing device comprises a motor, a support, a pressing plate, a screw rod, a first baffle, a check block, a first laser ranging sensor, a worktable, a second baffle, a second laser ranging sensor, a first pressure sensor, a second pressure sensor and a tested board. The motor is installed on the support and connected with the pressing plate and the screw rod. The pressing plate is provided with the second laser ranging sensor and the first pressure sensor. The baffles are arranged on the two sides of the worktable and are connected with the check block and the worktable through screws. The first laser ranging sensor is arranged in the middle of the check block, and the second pressure sensor is arranged in the middle of the first baffle. The tested board is arranged on the worktable defined by the first baffle, the second baffle and a third baffle. The support is connected to the worktable. A data processing method of the testing device for achieving the plane strain state in the large-deformation range comprises four steps. According to the testing device and the data processing method, experimental bases are provided for some forming technologies, theoretical calculation and infinite element modeling in engineering practice production.