The invention discloses a two-workpiece-platform rotary exchange method and a device based on cable-box anti-rotation mechanisms, belonging to the technology of semiconductor manufacturing equipment. The device comprises two workpiece platforms, a rotary switching platform and two cable-box anti-rotation devices, wherein in the rotary exchange process of the two workpiece platforms, the rotary switching platform clamps the two workpiece platforms and rotates around the center of a base platform so as to realize exchange of an exposure station and a preprocessing station; and the cable-box anti-rotation mechanisms control self rotation of the two workpiece platforms so as to guarantee the same phase of the two workpiece platforms in the platform exchange process. The device in the invention can be used for solving the problems of large impact torque and more platform exchange steps in the existing linear platform exchange scheme and phase reverse of the two workpiece platforms, cable winding and target missing of a laser interferometer and the like in the existing rotary platform exchange scheme, and adopts a smaller weight balancing system so as to be beneficial to shortening the balance time; and simultaneously the system is simplified, the cost is reduced, the platform exchange steps are reduced, the platform exchange time is shortened, and the yield of photoetching machinesis effectively improved.