The invention discloses a high-segmentation upward deep hole ore extraction zero-dead-zone following filling mining method. Firstly, a drilling chamber is constructed at the top end of a stage stope room, an operating space is formed through supporting, a mine collecting structure is established at the bottom end, upward chambering is carried out, a compensation space is formed, and the mining and cutting work is finished; secondly, a vertical deep hole is drilled in the drilling chamber, and the configuration of a boundary presplitting smooth blasting bomb hole is matched; thirdly, the upward segmentation blasting is carried out, ore reserving and ore removing are carried out, the zero dead zone in the ore removing process is ensured, and meanwhile the compensation space is guaranteed; fourthly, after appropriate ore drawing in the final blasting, an interlayer is arranged on the top of an ore heap, and the interlayer is covered with dead rock to fill the top dead zone along with the ore drawing; fifthly, after ore drawing is finished, stope room dead rock cemented filling is achieved through the potting material at the top end. The mining method is suitable for the environment where mine fragmentation is not stable, the large dead zone is not allowed, but high-segmentation, large-scale and large-yield thick and large ore body mining is urgent. The mining method has the advantages that the structure is simple, and high efficiency and economic efficiency are achieved.