40results about How to "Small probability" patented technology

A server (120) uses a password (π) to construct a multiplicative group (Z_N*) with a (hidden) smooth order subgroup (<x′>), where the group order (P_π) depends on the password. The client (110) uses its knowledge of the password to generate a root extraction problem instance (z) in the group and to generate data (y) allowing the server to construct a discrete logarithm problem instance (y′) in the subgroup. The server uses its knowledge of the group order to solve the root extraction problem, and solves the discrete logarithm problem efficiently by leveraging the smoothness of the subgroup. A shared key (sk) can be computed as a function of the solutions to the discrete logarithm and root extraction problem instances. In some embodiments, in an oblivious transfer protocol, the server queries the client (at 230) for data whose position in a database (210) is defined by the password. The client provides (240) such data without knowing the data position associated with the server's query. The client obtains the data position independently from the password. The data positions and/or the respective data are used for authentication and shared secret key generation. Other embodiments are also provided.

A method is provided for compensating a failing nozzle in a printhead comprising a series of print elements with nozzles for operation in an inkjet printing process in which a colorant is applied for locally changing an optical density, thereby printing an image.

The method comprises at least two compensation mechanisms, each providing a different amount of additional optical density in the environment of a missing dot in the printed image. A nozzle is recorded as a failing nozzle if the associated print element does not apply an ink dot within predetermined specifications. An environment density is determined in an environment of a missing dot associated with said failing nozzle. The environment density is compared with a predetermined threshold, and an appropriate compensation mechanism is selected from the at least two compensation mechanisms. The method is applied in an inkjet printing system for balancing under- and overcompensated optical density.

There is provided a similarity calculation device for calculating an index for judging technical similarity between technical document groups consisting of technical documents. The similarity calculation device includes: technical document group input means (365) for inputting a first technical document group and a second technical document group to be compared; technical information input means (371) for inputting technical information; cluster analysis means (380) for searching technical documents contained in the first technical document group and the second technical document group and including the technical information which has been input and decomposing the searched technical documents into a cluster for each technical information; similarity calculation means (380) for calculating the ratio of the number of mixed clusters including the technical documents of both of the first technical document group and the second technical document group against the total number of clusters obtained as the cluster decomposition; and output means (365) for outputting the similarity calculated.

Provided is a driving support device and method that specifies the reliability of information used in a driving support device. The driving support device includes a storage medium that stores one or more programs and accuracy information that specifies the reliability of information of various elements used by one of the programs to provide driving support. The driving support device also includes an execution target program specification unit that specifies what program from the one or more programs is to be executed as the execution target program. An element selection unit selects an element that corresponds to the specified execution target program from the various elements. The device also includes a reliability specification unit that specifies the reliability of information used in the target execution program based on the accuracy information of the selected element.

A communication system 1 includes interrogators 10, 11 and transponders 20, 21, 22. The interrogator 10 transmits a carrier wave, FC1, to the transponders 20, 21, 22, and the transponders 20, 21, 22 return respective reflected waves, f1, f2, and f3, to the interrogator 10. The transponders 20, 21, 22 modulate the received carrier waves FC1 using respective subcarrier waves that have been modulated using respective information signals, and return the thus modulated carrier waves as the reflected waves f1, f2, and f3 to the interrogator 10. The transponders 20, 21, 22 hop the frequencies of the subcarrier waves according to respective different hopping patterns, such that an initial hopping frequency with which each of the frequency hopping patterns begins represents right-hand two bit values of a four-bit identification code of a corresponding one of the transponders 20, 21, 22, and respective hopping frequencies of the each frequency hopping pattern represent respective bit values of four-bit transmission data transmitted from the corresponding transponder 20, 21, 22 to the interrogator 10.

Five infrared sensors are located in different height positions between respective main bodies 10A to 10H, and all of these infrared sensors transmit and receive 35 infrared rays pulse-coded in conformity with a start-stop system. In addition, these pulse-coded infrared rays have the signal width of, for example, 450 μs, and are serially transmitted with a predetermined delay time in a period of 20 ms by a delayed synchronizing-signal. Intrusion surveillance is performed by identifying the pulse codes of these infrared rays. According to this, since not only interference among a plurality of infrared sensors is prevented, but also infrared rays are outputted in a short time, the occurrence of false alarms etc. decreases remarkably.

The invention provides a cam follower having an outer ring which is used in a state where the cam follower comes into sliding contact or rolling contact with a mating part. The outer ring is configured such that the hardness of a surface layer portion existing between the surface and at least 3 μm below the surface is Hv 780 to 900, and the hardness of an internal surface portion existing at a depth of 10 μm or more from the surface is lower than the hardness of the surface layer portion and less than Hv 780. Such hardness can be obtained by performing soft shot blasting or flow barrel processing on a surface layer portion of a base material to be the outer ring.

A first user contacts a verification host and claims that an item of the first user's information is in a predefined range with relevant information submitted. The verification host verifies the first user's claim, and provides a code generator to the first user if the claim is valid. The first user generates a code by running the code generator with an input only known to the first user. The code generator combines an input determined by the verification host and the input by the first user into a combined input, encrypts the combined input, and generates a code based on the encrypted combined input. The generated code contains a first portion, which is determined by the verification host and contains no any first user's information, and a second portion, which is related to the first user's input when running the code generator. Only the first user knows that the generated code belongs to the first user. A second user contacts the verification host to obtain a code verifier for a need to verify that the item of the first user's information is in the predefined range. The verification host provides a code verifier to the second user. When the second user needs to verify that an item of the first user's information is in a predefined range, the second user only needs to verify the relevant code submitted by the first user by running the code verifier. The code verifier decrypts the code submitted by the first user, compares a part of the code verifier determined by the verification host, which contains no any first user's information, with the first portion of the decrypted code, and return a result to the second user. The first user's identity and privacy are fully protected during the code verification process with the method and system disclosed here.

The invention concerns a hydraulic steering with a steering motor arrangement having at least one steering motor, and with at least two steering circuits, each having a steering valve that interrupts a path from a pressure supply to the steering motor arrangement in the neutral position and releases a path from the pressure supply to the steering motor arrangement on a movement out of the neutral position. It is endeavoured to simplify the embodiment of such a steering. For this purpose, the steering valve (5a, 5b) has two end positions, one on each side of the neutral position, in which positions a path from the pressure supply (15, 21) to the steering motor arrangement (2) is interrupted.

A depth sensing apparatus and method for acquiring a depth image of a target object may calculate a difference voltage between a first floating diffusion node and a second floating diffusion node, based on a voltage of a photodiode stored in the first floating diffusion node in a first phase interval and a voltage of the photodiode stored in the second floating diffusion node in a second phase interval, using a sub-integration period, may feed back the difference voltage to one of the first floating diffusion node and the second floating diffusion node, and may calculate a depth value of a pixel based on difference voltages accumulated during an integration period including sub-integration periods.

Methods are provided for determining, in a single polymerase chain reaction (PCR) reaction, the quantity, quality, and gender of origin of DNA in a sample, and whether or not the sample contains PCR amplification inhibitors. The methods involve carrying out a single PCR multiplex reaction utilizing primer sets specific for amplifying the human amelogenin locus, an X- and/or Y-chromosome specific gene that is shorter than the amelogenin gene, and a heterologous, non-human reporter gene.

A system and a method for constructing a signal integrity supervisor capable of both detecting and triggering an appropriate response when transmit path signals indicate a potential damaging transmitter operating mode. The system and method of the present invention takes advantage of the inherent property of a Delta-Sigma Modulator (DSM) which makes the probability of encountering a long string of consecutive ones or zeroes during nominal operation very small. The signal integrity supervisor ensures safe transmitter operation by monitoring the data and the clock inputs to a digital to analog converter. The system may comprise a data signal supervisor and a clock signal supervisor. The data supervisor may comprise a comparator and a counter and may be configured to power down a line driver upon detecting a data stream having a continuous voltage level. The clock detector may comprise a pair of monostable circuits, an inverter, and a NAND gate and may be configured to reset the transmitter if a “missing” clock signal state is detected. The present invention can also be viewed as providing a method for preventing a transmission unit from forwarding signals that may result in a DC flow condition. In its broadest terms, the method can be described as: monitoring a data signal; generating a first output signal in response to a data signal having an anomalous condition; monitoring a clock signal; and generating a second output signal in response to clock signal having an anomalous condition.

A system server and access points are connected through a LAN preferably on the ground. A control cycle is divided into an instruction time zone to provide instructions from the access points to traveling vehicles, and a report time zone to provide reports from the traveling vehicles to the access points. The access points transmit target positions in the instruction time zone, and the traveling vehicles report positions in the report time zone. The system server determines target positions based on the reported positions.

A system may include a receiver having a number of reception channels spread across an instantaneous radio frequency bandwidth, each one of the reception channels for receiving a different radio frequency within the instantaneous radio frequency bandwidth. The system may also include control programming for positioning the receiver on one of a number of synchronization frequencies transmitting a synchronization preamble, where a number of reception channels is less than a number of synchronization frequencies, and a probability of not receiving one or more of the synchronization frequencies is smaller than a required message error rate for receiving the plurality of synchronization frequencies.

When RAID is constructed by using optical disks of the same lot, there is a problem in that the reproduction error probability of the RAID may have local increases over the reproduction error probability within the optical disks. According to the present invention, among a plurality of optical disks constituting an optical disk array, the smallest logical sector number is assigned to mutually different physical sector numbers. As a result, data in the same stripe is allowed to be recorded to sectors at mutually different physical sector numbers of the plurality of optical disks, so that the probability of occurrence of read errors due to interferences of adjacent guide grooves and/or insufficient formation of guide grooves can be leveled out, and the maximum probability of read errors can be kept small.

A variable filter circuit (10) includes a parallel arm (11) connected between a port (P3) and node (A), a series arm (12) including a resonator (Re_s1) connected in series between a port (P1) and node (A), and a series arm (13) including a resonator (Re_s2) connected in series between a port (P2) and node (A). The parallel arm (11) includes a first inductor (Lp1). The series arms (12, 13) include variable capacitors (Cp_s1, Cp_s2) connected in parallel to the resonators (Re_s1, Re_s2).

A vehicle electronic key system includes a control device mounted on a vehicle and an electronic key for transmitting a response signal in response to reception of a request signal from the control device. The control device includes means for outputting a request signal to the electronic key in response to the ON operation of a main switch of the vehicle (request signal generation means, a transmission circuit, and a transmission antenna), means for detecting a response signal from the electronic key (a reception circuit and response signal matching means), and means for performing an alarm output (monitoring means, a third drive circuit, and an alarm lamp) when no response signal is detected in spite of the output of the request signal.