The invention discloses a sweeping and suction desilting machine for floating sludge and flowing sludge of a drinking water reservoir and a desilting method of the sweeping and suction desilting machine. The sweeping and suction desilting machine comprises a suction cavity body, wherein the suction cavity body is connected with a dredge pump of a workboat through a pipeline, suction inlets are formed in the two sides of the suction cavity body and are hinged to movable cover plates respectively, hydraulic cylinders are hinged to the suction cavity body, one end of a movable rod of each hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the corresponding movable cover plate, a bottom cavity in the suction cavity body is arranged in the mode that the interior is high and the exterior is low, and vertical guide plates are fixedly arranged on the suction inlets and located in the bottom cavity. According to the sweeping and suction desilting machine for the floating sludge and the flowing sludge of the drinking water reservoir and the desilting method of the sweeping and suction desilting machine, due to the characteristics that the floating sludge and the flowing sludge on the bottom layer of the drinking water reservoir are high in fluidity, the diameter of sludge particles is small, and the sludge particles can easily move and diffuse, the dredge pump on the workboat is used for providing vacuum suction, the floating sludge and the flowing sludge are sucked out through the sweeping and suction desilting machine in slight fan-shaped swing in the unidirectional slow sweeping and suction mode that sweeping is carried out on the left side when suction is carried out on the left side, and sweeping is carried out on the right side when suction is carried out on the right side, and the desilting purpose is achieved. The sweeping and suction desilting machine and a construction process provide good technology and equipment support for removal of the floating sludge and the flowing sludge of the reservoir, and the popularization and application value is remarkable.