The invention relates to a device and a method for measuring shearing property of a transverse isotropic material. The device comprises a thin-wall tubular test piece, a fixed outer tube, a rotary inner tube, an upper positioning ring, a lower positioning ring, structure adhesive, an upper connecting disc, a lower connecting disc, a flange and a torque sensor. The transverse isotropic material is processed into the thin-wall tubular test piece, the axial direction is a direction I, a direction II and a direction III (transverse direction) are mutually perpendicular to each other in a cross section, and the mechanical properties of the material are identical. The rotary inner tube and the fixed outer tube are respectively bonded to the inner wall and the outer wall of the test piece, the outer tube is fixed, and a torsion torque is applied to the inner tube, so that the test piece only generates a shearing force in the thin-wall annular cross section. The shearing stress-strain curve of the test piece in the directions (transverse) II and III can be acquired by virtue of the torque of the outer tube, a torsion angle of the inner pipe and the outer wall surface of the inner tube, so that the shearing modulus and shearing strength of the test piece in the transverse isotropic direction can be obtained. The relative twisting of the inner wall and the outer wall of the thin-wall tube is ingeniously utilized, so that the shearing force is only generated in the transverse isotropic direction of the material, the parameter is intuitive and convenient to measure, and the test data is accurate.