The invention provides a detection method of a box-type transformer and the transformer. The detection method comprises the following steps of: ST1, starting a detection program; ST2, judging whetheran oil level state of a transformer chamber meets a preset state or not, if so, performing ST3 detection, and if not, judging that the box-type transformer fails; ST3, detecting environmental parameters of the box-type transformer, and judging whether a triggering condition for starting the fault detection module is met or not; ST4, carrying out detection according to the fault detection module, and judging whether the transformer has a fault or not; and ST5, executing transformer fault protection operation. According to the detection method of the box-type transformer, by setting a multi-level detection program, on one hand, the reliability of operation detection of the box-type transformer is ensured, and secondary damage to normal operation of the transformer due to the fact that a wrong operation instruction is given by misjudgment is avoided; and meanwhile, resource waste caused by continuous operation of a fault detection program is avoided.