To provide a system capable of eliminating a complicated function or a high-precision control necessary when a service satellite approaches space debris or the like for removing the debris. A system 1, which removes a space debris C existing in an outer space, comprises: a first spacecraft S and a second spacecraft R configured to move in the outer space; and a cooperative interface M attached to a surface of the space debris C by the first spacecraft S. The second spacecraft R is configured to approach the space debris C using the cooperative interface M, capture the space debris C, and enter the atmosphere together with the space debris C or release the space debris C at a low altitude.
Coatings and materials that are atomic oxygen resistant and have an atomically smooth surface that can reduce drag are disclosed. The coatings and materials can be used on at least a portion of a spacecraft intended to operate in harsh environments, such as stable Earth orbits at about 100 km to about 350 km.