The invention discloses an experimental device and method for simulating coal mine hard roof rock stratum hydraulic fracturing, and relates to the technical field of coal mine underground hydraulic fracturing. The experimental device comprises a sample, a pressurization system and a fracturing system, the pressurization system comprises a rubber pipe and a connector, and the fracturing system comprises a water tank, a high-precision flowmeter, a high-precision water pressure gauge, a water injection pipe and a fracturing rod. According to the experimental device and method for simulating coal mine hard roof rock stratum hydraulic fracturing, a transparent gelatin experimental material and a transparent pressurizing component are used, the whole process of crack initiation and expansion of a hydraulic fracture can be directly observed and recorded in a laboratory environment, a specially-made grooving tool is used, the device can effectively simulate the radial grooving in the experiment, systematic research is carried out on the grooving effect, the inclination angle of the fracturing hole in the hydraulic fracturing experiment can be adjusted at will, and the influence of the radial grooving at different angles on the hydraulic fracture initiation and extension track is simulated.