The invention belongs to aerospace product machining technology equipment and particularly discloses a positioning support device for stir friction welding of a storage box cylinder section circular seam. A central shaft disk is arranged above a rotating base seat, a support ring is arranged in the center of the central shaft disk, a top ring is arranged above the central shaft disk, a connecting disk is arranged above the central support ring, long support rods are arranged outside the connecting disk, a short support rod is connected with the rear end of each long support rod, and internal threaded holes are arranged in two ends of left end and right end of a double-stud structure of an adjusting sleeve and respectively connected with the long support rods and the short support rods; the rotating base seat is a perpendicular long positioning rod and a pressing rod, and a pressing plate is arranged above the pressing rod; and a perpendicular short positioning rod is installed between the short support rods and the rotating base seat. Due to the cyclic structure which is formed by the long support rods and the short support rods is adopted, products on a cylinder section can be positioned and supported, positioning error is effectively reduced, and tolerance requirements of welding can be met, and at the same time, parameters in the welding process are stable, internal stress and deformation are small, and positioning support device is further favorable for preventing weldments from being pierced through by a stirring needle.