The invention discloses a safety protection device for high-altitude operation. The safety protection device comprises straps, a safety rope, an encoder, wire guide wheels, a wire roller, a brake block, a driven wheel, a sliding pin, a locking device, a winding box and first pushing devices. The wire roller is rotatably arranged in the winding box, the safety rope is connected with the wire roller and the straps through the wire guide wheels, and the encoder is connected with the wire guide wheels. The brake block is arranged on one side of the wire roller, the first pushing devices are connected with the brake block, and the driven wheel is rotatably arranged on the brake block. A spiral groove is formed in the driven wheel, the sliding pin is slidably arranged on the brake block and located in the spiral groove, and the wire roller is in transmission connection with the driven wheel. The locking device is connected with the sliding pin, and the sliding pin can drive the locking device to lock the wire roller. According to the safety protection device, the wire roller is decelerated through the brake block, and then the wire roller is completely locked through the locking device, so that falling constructors are prevented from being hurt by the straps when no buffer exists.