The invention relates to a method for reconstructing a power distribution network based on double-ant-colony optimization. The method comprises the steps of extracting a looped network, initializing parameters, searching for double ant colonies, decoding a path where each set of ants walks through, obtaining the reconstruction scheme of the power distribution network, conducting looped network detection, island detection and constraint condition detection, judging feasibility of the scheme, judging whether the number of two sets of the ants reaches the ant colony scale or not, judging whether the frequency of information exchange is achieved or not, conducting information exchange, judging whether the terminal condition is met or not, and ending and obtaining the optimum power distribution network reconstruction scheme. The deep searching method is adopted, the reconstruction of the looped network of the power distribution network on a looped network upper interconnection switch and a section switch is determined, digits participating in switch reconstruction are reduced, the problem that when the switch combinatorial dimension in the power distribution network is higher, the searching recovery scheme faces combinatorial explosion is effectively solved, the calculated amount is reduced, and the optimum speed is improved.