1441results about How to "Reduce construction risk" patented technology

The invention relates to an abrasive jetting device and a method for abrasive water jet perforation and multiple fracturing; wherein the abrasive jetting device has multistage jet guns which are connected in series; the jet guns are all hollow columns; the side walls thereof are respectively provided with at least two nozzles; the lower part of each stage of jet gun is provided with a packer; the side wall of the packer is provided with a sealing sleeve which can expand outward under the action of high-pressure liquid; the jet guns comprise a first stage bottom jet gun arranged at the lower part of the abrasive jetting device and multistage upper jet guns arranged above the bottom jet gun; wherein all the upper jet guns are respectively provided with a sliding sleeve which can seal the nozzle of the stage of jet gun and sealing sleeve; and the sliding sleeve can slide to the lower part of the sealing sleeve under the action of external force so as to open the nozzle and the sealing sleeve. The invention can be used for casing straight wells or horizontal wells, solves the problem of layered or staged fracturing in the straight wells or the horizontal wells in oil fields, and achieves the purposes of saving fracturing cost, improving fracturing effect and reducing the construction risk.

The invention relates to a tunnel construction information monitoring system based on three-dimensional scanning point cloud. The system comprises the following realization steps: acquiring coordinate information, intensity information, grey information, pixel information and the like of a tunnel full-section spatial structure by adopting a three-dimensional scanning point cloud measuring technology, performing automatic filtering processing and point cloud data automatic splicing and generating a tunnel two-dimensional plane model and a three-dimensional space model; realizing the continuous real-time transmission of monitoring data and data flow by adopting a '5S' parallel communication method; introducing a time, motion and rotation multi-dimensional coordinate axis, describing the change posture in a plane, the change posture of a vertical plane and the change posture along with time, performing data filtering and data analysis and realizing seamless butt joint between a monitoring and analysis structure and project construction information; based on an internet of things technology, by adopting a B/S framework and a three-layer system mode as well as seven-level security management, realizing the data monitoring as well as advanced forecasting and construction information real-time processing, update, inquiry, browsing, three-stage early warning and forecasting and three-level risk management.

The invention discloses a method for constructing branch guide pits of tunnels. The method includes steps of (1), carrying out preparation work; (2), constructing advanced pipe sheds and small guide pipes; (3), carrying out ring-type excavation on arches; (4), primarily supporting and temporarily supporting the arches; (5), excavating and supporting left and right guide pits; (6), excavating core soil and inverted arches; (7), primarily supporting the bottoms of the tunnels; (8), pouring and filling the inverted arches; (9), secondarily lining the tunnels. Compared with the prior art, the method for constructing the branch guide pits of the tunnels has the advantages that the arches of the large-span shallow-buried tunnels with fractured surrounding rock can be prevented from collapsing, and full construction procedures are in safe, stable and quick controllable states; the good rate of the engineering quality can reach 95% at least, and safety production accidents can be assuredly prevented.

The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction equipment, and relates to a shield tunneling machine for a tunnel connecting passageway and a connecting passageway tunneling method of the shield tunneling machine. The shield tunneling machine comprises a start end supporting walking platform and a receiving end supporting walking platform which are respectively arranged on material transportation rails in two main tunnels, a shield tunneling machine main unit, a counterforce supporting frame and a main tunnel supporting assembly which are respectively arranged on the start end supporting walking platform and a corresponding main tunnel duct piece, and a start end socket sealing assembly and a receiving end socket sealing assembly which are respectively arranged at the start end and the receiving end of the connecting passageway, wherein a duct piece hanging assembly is arranged on the start end supporting walking platform; a jacking tunneling assembly is arranged between the counterforce supporting frame and the shield tunneling machine main unit. The shield tunneling machine can realize automatically mechanical excavation; the labor intensity is greatly reduced, the energy consumption is reduced, and the cost is reduced; meanwhile, equipment construction is stable, and the efficiency is high; settling of the ground is effectively controlled, and the construction risk is reduced.

The invention discloses a phase-change hydraulic fracturing technology. The technology includes the steps that firstly, clean water or conventional fracturing fluid is injected to a stratum, so that the stratum cracks; secondly, non-phase-change liquid M and phase-change liquid N are placed in different liquid mixing tanks and injected into a shaft at the same time, wherein the injection volume ratio of the liquid M to the liquid N is (0-0.7):(0.3-1); thirdly, displacement fluid is injected into the shaft, so that the non-phase-change liquid M and the phase-change liquid N in the shaft completely enter a reservoir; fourthly, well shut-in and pressure building are conducted for 30-200 min, so that solid-phase matter generated by the phase-change liquid N is laid in cracks; fifthly, decompression is conducted, and construction is finished. The liquid M is conventional fracturing fluid, seawater, stratum water or ground fresh water, and the liquid N is composed of a super-molecular construction unit, surfactant, inorganic salt, oxidant and the like. Channels and ditches for underground oil gas seepage can be formed without solid supporting agents, flow guide capacity of hydraulic fracturing cracks is greatly improved, and the technology is simple, safe and efficient in construction operation.

A water supply and drainage pipeline repair technique adopting a size film lining method comprises the steps of: (1) dredging and cleaning a pipeline; (2) inspecting a pipeline internal observing video; (3) producing a working pit; (4) welding a lining pipe; (5) plugging, deflecting and transferring water to the pipeline; (6) internally pretreating and repairing the pipeline to be repaired; (7) drawing the lining pipe into the pipeline to be repaired; (8) sealing the two ends of the lining pipe and embedding a pipe fitting; (9) filling water into the lining pipe and pressurizing; (10) preparing size and auxiliary vacuum casting; (11) keeping the internal water pressure of the lining pipe, and supplying water again after the size is solidified; (12) videoing the inner side of the pipeline and recording the videos after the repair; and (13) the step 1 to step 12 belong to repair construction, taking every two continuous inspection wells as a construction working segment, constructing towards the upstream and downstream sequentially from the inspection well which is next to the working pit, after completing all the working pipeline segments, laying a new pipeline in the working pit, refilling the soil and compacting to restore the pavement; and the pipeline has long service life, high water flow, fast construction speed, less pollution and small influence to roads.

The invention discloses a high ground stress weak surrounding rock tunnel excavation and support construction method. Excavation and support construction are conducted on a weak surrounding rock tunnel to be constructed in multiple sections from rear to front in the longitudinal extension direction of the tunnel. The method comprises the steps that 1, rock body strength and the maximum ground stress inside surrounding rock are tested; 2, the extrusion-type large-deformation level of the surrounding rock is determined; 3, a primary support scheme is determined, wherein the primary support scheme is determined according to the determined extrusion-type large-deformation level, and the primary support scheme is a profile steel frame support scheme or a grid steel frame and cover arch combined support scheme; 4, tunnel excavation and support construction are conducted; 5, excavation and support construction of the next section are conducted; 6, the fifth step is repeated for many times till the whole excavation and support construction process of the weak surrounding rock tunnel to be constructed is completed. According to the high ground stress weak surrounding rock tunnel excavation and support construction method, the steps are simple, the design is reasonable, construction is convenient, the use effect is good, the tunnel excavation and support construction process of the high ground stress weak rock tunnel can be completed easily, conveniently and rapidly, and the construction process is safe and reliable.

The present invention relates to a thick oil well water shut off technological process for thick oil well water shut off layer and improving exploitation effect. The process bases on 'deep move shallow shut off' principal, first selectively shutting off the big diameter for the oil layer by degradable organic shut off additives, then sealing the opening by high temperature resistant inorganic shut off additives, and realizing selective water shut off by pressure control and degradation of organic matter. The water shut off process is reasonable in design, reliable in criterion, and has the characteristic of small construction risk, high success rate and long validity period compared with other thick oil well water shut off processes, and provides a new effective process for solving the water shut off problem for thick oil especially middle thick oil well.

The invention discloses a soft and weak wall rock tunnel advance reinforced support construction method. When a pipe roof advance support construction is carried out on one segment of the constructed tunnel, the construction method comprises the following steps: (1) support arch and guide pipe construction, wherein a plurality of guide tubes for carrying out guiding on a plurality of pipe roof pipes are arranged on a support arch; each pipe roof pipe comprises a pipe body and a drill bit; each pipe body is formed by splicing a plurality of pipe joints; each drill bit is coaxially arranged at the front end of the pipe body; the pipe joints are spiral steel pipes; the pipe roof pipes are first pipe roof pipes or second pipe roof pipes; and the first pipe roof pipes and the second pipe roof pipes are staggered; (2) drilling machine and slip casting machine installation and emplacement; (3) pipe roof advance support construction, which comprises the following processes: first pipe roof pipe drilling and synchronous grouting construction, final hole grouting construction of the first pipe roof pipes, second pipe roof pipe drilling and synchronous grouting construction and final hole grouting construction of the second pipe roof pipes. The method disclosed by the invention is simple in steps, reasonable in design, simple and convenient to construct and good in support effect; and the soft and weak wall rock tunnel advance reinforced support process can be simply, conveniently and quickly finished.

The invention discloses a water-rich weak surrounding rock long-and-big tunnel construction method. The method includes that a tunnel inclined shaft is arranged on one side of a main tunnel of a tunnel to be constructed, the main tunnel is divided into a tunnel entry section, a tunnel exit section and a middle connecting section connected between the tunnel entry section and the tunnel exit section, the middle connecting section is divided into an inclined shaft assisting construction entry section and an inclined shaft assisting construction exit section, and each of the tunnel entry section, the tunnel exit section, the inclined shaft assisting construction entry section and the inclined shaft assisting construction exit section is divided into multiple sections for construction. A construction method of each section includes: step 1, performing geological forecasting in advance, and when a debris flow formation exists ahead, entering a step 2, or else, entering a step 3; step 2, performing stability control construction; step 3, determining a primary supporting scheme; step 4, excavating the tunnel, and performing primary supporting construction; step 5, performing secondary lining construction on the tunnel. The water-rich weak surrounding rock long-big tunnel construction method is simple in step, reasonable in design, simple and convenient to construct, good in using effect, capable of meeting construction requirements of water-rich weak surrounding rock long-and-big tunnels, short in construction period and safe in construction process.

The invention relates to a method for constructing an underground space by a shield-shallow buried covered excavation composite method, and belongs to the technical field of construction methods of the underground space. The construction method comprises the following steps of: constructing two or more shield tunnels in advance by a shield method; and excavating a soil body between the shield tunnels by a shallow buried covered excavation method. By the method, the construction of the underground space with a large cross section is safe and high-efficiency, a structure is definitely stressed, construction speed is high and construction cost is low. The method can be used for constructing large-scale underground spaces in various forms.

The present invention relates to a one time supporting arch subsurface excavation reversed construction method. The steps of the method are as follows: at least a pair of upper guide hole and lower guide hole are respectively excavated in a top body and a bottom body corresponding with an underground structure design space; each pair of guide holes forms one span; then the hole wall is processed for primary supporting; the bottom of the lower guide hole is laid with a waterproof layer; the waterproof layer is casted with an underlayer frame structure soleplate; a slope stake and a middle upright post are constructed from the upper guide hole; the arc top of the upper guide hole is laid with the waterproof layer, and an arc top permanent structure is cast; then a midspan soil body is excavated between two upper guide holes by a subsurface excavation method to form a midspan upper guide hole and to be constructed as a midspan upper guide hole arc top permanent structure; the primary support at the bottom of the upper guide hole is chiseled and removed; a soil body is excavated downwards, and a structure lateral wall and a middle floor slab are cast; the rest partial solid between the primary support at the top of the lower guide hole and the middle floor slab is excavated, at the same time, the primary support at the top of the lower guide hole is chiseled and removed, the rest lateral wall structure is cast, and an even span structure soleplate is closed. The method has small construction risk, large construction field and fast construction speed, uses few big guide holes and solves the technical problems of the large amount of the guide hole, the small size of the guide hole, small construction space, multiple times of structure stress conversions, the repeated perturbation of wall rock, etc of the traditional subsurface excavation method.

The invention provides a horizontal guiding drill while-drilling detection early warning system which comprises an underground while-drilling detection system and a ground signal processing and earlywarning display system that are connected with each other by a two-core communication cable, so that high speed data communication can be realized; in the construction process, the underground while-drilling detection system works under the ground and adopts active acoustic detection technology for detecting, thus completing acquisition and transmission of data of underground pipeline detection; and the ground signal processing and early warning display system works on the ground and is used for controlling the underground while-drilling detection system, processing and displaying the detection data and alarming by sound and an indicator light according to the danger level of underground obstacles. The system combines the detection technique and the drilling construction technique so as torealize while-drilling detection early warning, can effectively detect the obstacle which is about 1m far from the advance locus of a horizontal guiding drill, has higher detection accuracy and effectively reduces the construction risk.

The invention provides a detachable normal-pressure tool change device. The tool change device consists of a tool apron cutter device, a tool change safety cabin device and a cutter change device. Through close coordination of the tool change safety cabin device, the cutter change device and the tool apron cutter device, a shield under high water pressure is subjected to cutter change in a normal-pressure environment, the problem that a sealing element of a tool change safety cabin cannot be changed after being worn is solved, and the working comfort during normal-pressure tool change is improved; and the tool change device can be widely applied to a normal-pressure tool change cutter plate of a tunneling machine under high water pressure so as to protect the safety of cutter change workers and lower the construction risk and difficulty.

The invention provides an anchor rod drill truck. The anchor rod drill truck includes a machine frame body, a frequency conversion speed regulation walking mechanism, an electrical control system, a hydraulic system, a directional cruise control and step distance measurement system, front and rear stabilizing devices and an anchor drill system. The anchor drill system comprises a telescopic working arm, a drilling frame, a laying net and temporary support mechanism and an automatic catridge jetting system. The frequency conversion speed regulation walking mechanism is installed on a chassis ofthe anchor rod drill truck, the telescopic working arm is connected with the machine frame body in a pinned mode, and the drilling frame is connected with the front end of the telescopic working armthrough a rotating hydraulic device of the telescopic working arm. The hydraulic system and the rotating hydraulic device are arranged correspondingly, and the directional cruise control and step distance measurement system and the variable frequency speed regulating walking mechanism are arranged correspondingly. The front and rear stabilizing devices are arranged at the front and rear ends of the machine frame body separately. The anchor rod drill truck solves the technical problems that in the prior art, installation of an anchor, disassembly and assembly of a drilling rod and catridge workare carried out manually so that physical consumption of operators is large, and the operators are threatened by dust environment and roof collapse which is prone to being occurring in roof areas.

The invention relates to a roller type cutter rectangular pipe jacking machine, which comprises a cutter, a cutter driving system, a spiral mechanical unearthing system, a hydraulic propulsion system and a rectangular shell. The cutter adopts a composite formation roller type cutter, is sleeved on the cutter driving system and is driven by the cutter driving system to rotate, the composite formation roller type cutter comprises a plurality of ordinary tools, a swinging tool and an over-excavation tool, a cutter shell adopts a round tubular component, the inner wall of the cutter shell is provided with a separating wall vertical to the axial line of the cutter shell, the ordinary tools are uniformly and fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the cutter shell, the swinging tool is hinged on the inner side of the outer wall of the cutter shell through a pin shaft and can rotate around the pin shaft, and the over-excavation tool is fixedly arranged on the outer side of the outer wall of the cutter shell. The invention has the advantages of high adaptability to formations and high tunneling efficiency. Meanwhile, construction risks can be reduced greatly, construction safety can be ensured, and the machine can adapt to construction of slightly weathered rock formations, composite formations, backfilled formations, continuous walls through the ground, pile foundations and other complex formations and working conditions.

The invention provides a phase change fracturing method. The method includes the following steps that a fracturing fluid is injected into a stratum to generate cracks in the stratum, and injection ofthe fracturing fluid is stopped after the to-be-generated cracks reach preset requirements; a phase change reaction liquid and a time delay heat generating agent which can be subjected to a phase change reaction at preset temperature are injected into the stratum; after injection of the phase change material liquid is substantially completed, the time delay heat generating agent exerts a heat generating action to make phase change of the phase change material liquid to complete phase change fracturing. According to the provided technical scheme, since there is no solid phase injection, not only can the friction resistance of tubular columns be effectively reduced, but also the happening time and progress of the phase change reaction can be effectively controlled due to the use of the delayheat generating agent, so that a better fracturing effect is achieved. Especially for low-temperature reservoirs, a heat generation effect of the delay heat generating agent greatly increases the rate of the phase change reaction so that the phase change material liquid can rapidly form a solid phase at a preset position, the phase change time is shortened, and the probability of successful construction is increased.

The invention is suitable for the technical field of monitoring and provides a monitoring system for construction safety. The monitoring system comprises a data acquisition unit, a gateway node, a communication server and a monitoring center, wherein the data acquisition unit is used for utilizing a radar to collect a geological image, laser ranging data of a dangerous section, harmful gas concentration data of a detected section and various format data of an on-site visual monitoring video and also is used for collecting the data; the gateway node is used for transmitting the collected data in real time; the communication server is used for analyzing the data transmitted by the gateway node and storing the analyzed data into a database; and the monitoring center is used for analyzing the data and giving an alarm for the dangerous section and reasons. According to the monitoring system, a detecting interval is added through a sensor, more monitoring data is obtained, a construction risk system is more accurately foreknown, the construction risk is effectively reduced, the on-site measurement of detectors is reduced, the automatic monitoring is realized, the working risk of monitoring personnel is reduced, the cost is saved, and the efficiency is increased.

The invention discloses an unsupported construction method of a circular rope-supported grid structure; an upper grid is lifted to a pre-constructed rope network for assembly in unit manner; the circular rope-supported grid structure mainly comprises pillars, outer ring beams, upper grids, radial ropes, circular ropes and support rods. The radial ropes and circular ropes of the structure are elevated by means of oblique traction, tooling counterweight ropes and counterforce frame devices are mounted below a rope network of the structure, the tooling counterweight ropes are tensioned, and a supporting rope network is formed; the upper grid is lifted to the support rope network in unit manner, and the tooling counterweight ropes are adjusted through the counterforce frame devices to control joints to be at design elevation; the tooling counterweight ropes and the counterforce frame devices are finally removed, and the structure is formed. The method has the advantages that construction cost of supports is omitted, elevations of control joints can be adjusted bidirectionally and precisely in real time during construction, tensioning the ropes is not required, a stand can be protected, and green prefabricated construction of a rope-supported grid structure is achieved.

The invention relates to a bridge construction management system and method based on two-dimensional codes and a BIM technology. The system includes a two-dimensional code generator, a server, a generation unit of expected construction information, a real-time acquisition unit of construction information, a construction site interaction terminal, a construction monitoring management terminal and a public accessing terminal. The two-dimensional code generator generates the two-dimensional codes of different authorities according to the information input by the generation unit of the expected construction information and the real-time acquisition unit of the construction information, and outputs the two-dimensional codes to the server for storage. The server receives and stores the expected and real-time bridge construction information, and associates the expected and real-time construction information with the two-dimensional codes of the different authorities. The three types of terminals access, through scanning the two-dimensional codes corresponding to authorities thereof, the server to view the bridge construction information. According to the system and method, the BIM technology is utilized to build a bridge construction model, a hierarchical management technology of the two-dimensional codes is used at the same time, differentiated services are presented after personnel of the different authorities scan the codes, the bridge construction management efficiency is improved, and bridge construction quality improvement is promoted.

The invention provides an optical fiber sensor system for monitoring a well wall and a deformation early warning method. The optical fiber sensor system comprises distributed optical fiber sensors, fiber bragg grating strain sensors, external fiber bragg grating temperature sensors, an optical cable, a distributed optical fiber demodulation instrument, a fiber bragg grating demodulation instrumentand a computer. The several distributed optical fiber sensors, the several fiber bragg grating strain sensors and the several external fiber bragg grating temperature sensors are arranged on the internal surface of the well wall. The several distributed optical fiber sensors are connected to the distributed optical fiber demodulation instrument through the optical cable. The distributed optical fiber demodulation instrument is connected to the computer. The fiber bragg grating strain sensors and the external fiber bragg grating temperature sensors are connected to the fiber bragg grating demodulation instrument through the optical cable. In the invention, grouting pressure on the inner layer of the well wall , the deformation of the inner layer of the well wall and a well wall temperaturecan be monitored.