The invention discloses a sleeper longitudinal-transverse resistance dynamic detector and detecting method. The detector comprises a loading device, a sleeper longitudinal-transverse bearing device and an electronic testing device. The end of the loading device is provided with an impact head. An impact hammer and a spring augmenter are disposed inside the impact head. The electronic testing device comprises a force sensor and an acceleration or displacement sensor, wherein the force sensor and the acceleration or displacement sensor are respectively connected with a tester mainframe. The acceleration or displacement sensor is disposed on the upper portion of the sleeper longitudinal-transverse bearing device. The force sensor is disposed on the side of the sleeper longitudinal-transverse bearing device. The detector capable of dynamically detecting sleeper longitudinal and transverse resistance is light, convenient to use, simple to operate, simple to mount, accurate and objective in data, and capable of automatically printing and saving detecting results, labor intensity of detecting personnel is lowered, and detecting efficiency is increased.