The invention discloses a reagent, a device and a method for rapidly counting eukaryotic microorganisms. The reagent comprises an osmotic buffer solution, a fluorescent staining solution and a reconstitution fluid, wherein the osmotic buffer solution is prepared from the following components: epsilon-polylysine, dodecyl-beta-D-maltoside and glycine; a staining component in the fluorescent staining solution is selected from fluorescein diacetate, 5 (6)-carboxyl-2 ', 5'-dihydroxyl-2 ', 5'-dihydroxyl-2 ', 5'- the fluorescein diacetate is one or more of 5, 7 '-dichlorofluorescein diacetate, 5-chloromethyl fluorescein diacetate, 5 (6)-carboxyl fluorescein diacetate, 6-carboxyl fluorescein diacetate, 5-carboxyl fluorescein diacetate, 5-nitryl-fluorescein diacetate and 6-nitryl-fluorescein diacetate. According to the reagent disclosed by the invention, a broad-spectrum bacteriostatic agent epsilon-polylysine is used as a carrier to transport a fluorescent staining solution to penetrate through cell walls and enter bacterial cell plasm, fluorescence is generated through excitation of exciting light, bacterial colonies are identified and counted, and a culture medium capable of accelerating the growth rate of thalli is used in a matched manner, so that the microbial detection efficiency is greatly improved.