126results about How to "Degradation of combustion" patented technology

A method is disclosed for controlling operation of a engine coupled to an exhaust treatment catalyst. Under predetermined conditions, the method operates an engine with a first group of cylinders combusting a lean air-fuel mixture and a second group of cylinders pumping air only (i.e. without fuel injection.) In addition, the engine control method also provides the following features in combination with the above-described split air / lean mode: auto speed control, sensor diagnostics, air-fuel ratio control, adaptive learning, fuel vapor purging, catalyst temperature estimation, and default operation. In addition, the engine control method also disables the split air / lean operating mode under preselected operating conditions.

A controllably releasable security locking arrangement for a manhole cover allows a manhole cover to be locked into position but allows the manhole cover to rise up in stages upon development of upward forces in an explosion to vent gases developed by the explosion. A lock body mounts a latch slide which has an outer end and which can be extended to prevent removal of the manhole cover. When a shear pin fails the lock body pivots down, to a limited extent, and a secondary shear pin can also be included allowing the cover to be blown completely free upon development of pressures of a great magnitude. A slotted skirt directs venting gas flow so as to retard the inflow of free air and attenuate the explosion.

A method and apparatus for fuel reforming using the exhaust gases from internal combustion engines and high temperature combustion processes in which a fuel for reforming and steam mixture is introduced into a tube bundle having a plurality of heat exchange tubes and heat from the exhaust gases is transferred into the heat exchange tubes, thereby increasing the temperature of the mixture. The heated mixture is reformed by contact with a reforming catalyst external to, but proximate to the exit of, the tube bundle, forming a reformed fuel. To remove substantially all of the heat from the exhaust gases, a plurality of tube bundles and associated reforming catalyst arranged in series are provided.

Emissions from systems that use a catalytic converter are substantially reduced by introducing hydrogen, or a hydrogen containing fluid or fuel component, into the exhaust stream being scrubbed by the catalytic converter, resulting in instant lightoff and a significant reduction in emissions. Hydrogen for injection into the exhaust stream may, optionally, be generated within the vehicle using heat recovered from the catalytic converter, and / or the engine or elsewhere in the exhaust system, by a thermoelectric generator, the electrical output of which may be used to perform electrolysis and / or to power a reformer in order to generate the hydrogen. The thermoelectric generator may be retrofit onto the catalytic converter, or integrated in a way that enhances thermoelectric generation, including providing a catalyst coated heat sink and integrated cooling pipes to enhance the thermal differential required for thermoelectric generation. Sensors such as an oxygen sensor and temperature sensor may be provided to assess converter performance and adjust the temperature differential to ensure that the temperature of the converter remains optimum.

An internal combustion engine includes multiple cylinders. A partial set of the cylinders may be temporarily shut off. Fuel is introduced briefly into at least one of the shut off cylinders and combusted in an at least essentially torque-neutral way during the cylinder shut off period.

A premix burner has a mixing section (3) for a heat generator, sectional conical shells (5) which complement one another to form a swirl body, enclose a conically widening swirl space (6), and mutually define tangential air-inlet slots (7), along which feeds (8) for gaseous fuel are provided in a distributed manner, having at least one fuel feed (11) for liquid fuel, this fuel feed (11) being arranged along a burner axis (A) passing centrally through the swirl space (6), and having a mixing tube (4) adjoining the swirl body downstream via a transition piece (2). At least one additional fuel feed (13) for liquid fuel is provided in the region of the swirl body, the transition piece (2), and / or the mixing tube (4).

A pyrotechnic composition comprising microcrystalline nitrocellulose which is characterized as an ultra low-smoke composition. The pyrotechnic composition includes at least one flame coloring agent, and may be produced with or without an optional oxidizing agent, with or without an optional metal powder, with or without an optional chlorine donor. Upon combustion, the pyrotechnic composition produces illuminating emissions having desired colors and luminosity characteristics with significantly reduced or toxic combustion products and smoke.

A method for controllably releasing venting gases from a manhole space around the perimeter of a manhole cover by allowing the manhole cover to rise up in stages upon development of upward forces in an explosion to vent gases developed by the explosion while being restrained from being completely blown free except under extreme conditions. A lock body mounts a latch slide which has an outer end and which can be extended to prevent removal of the manhole cover. When a shear pin fails the lock body pivots down, to a limited extent, and a secondary shear pin can also be included allowing the cover to be blown completely free upon development of pressures of a great magnitude. A slotted skirt is used to direct venting gas flow so as to retard the inflow of free air and attenuate the explosion.

The embodiments described herein relate to particular formulations and methods that provide reduced engine deposits. The lubricant composition includes a base oil having a NOACK volatility of from about 5 to about 15 and a zinc dialkyl dithio phosphate composition. The zinc dialkyl dithio phosphate composition has at least about 65 mole percent of zinc dialkyl dithio phosphate compounds derived from all primary alcohols, wherein the zinc dialkyl dithio phosphate composition has greater than about 40 mole percent zinc dialkyl dithio phosphate compounds having alkoxy moieties derived from alcohols having four carbon atoms.