A high-speed hydraulic punching machine comprises a machine bed and a sliding block and is characterized in that one end of an electronic ruler is fixed to the machine bed, the other end of the electronic ruler is connected to the sliding block, the sliding block is connected to a piston of a hydraulic cylinder and drives the piston to move downwards under the gravity effect, oil is directly sucked into a working chamber from an oil tank through the gravity, when the sliding block moves downwards to the set position, the electronic ruler drives a control system to enable double oil pumps to fast supply oil to the working chamber of the hydraulic cylinder simultaneously for driving the piston to drive the sliding block to fast move downwards for realizing high-speed punching, when the sliding block moves downwards to the lower limit position, the electronic ruler drives the control system again to enable one oil pump to stop supplying the oil, and the other oil pump and an energy accumulator fast supply oil to an oil return chamber of the hydraulic cylinder for enabling the piston to fast return to another cycle. The high-speed hydraulic punching machine has the advantages of being stable, safe, mute, friendly to environment, practical, wide in application range, easy and convenient to operate, easy to control and compact in structure, saving the energy and reducing emission, and work-pieces are attractive.