The invention discloses a data acquisition device for PC background control. The data acquisition device comprises a shell body, a shell door, mounting feet, a condenser pipe, a water tank, refrigeration blocks, a drying cylinder, a fan, an air inlet joint, air holes, a cavity, a component mounting frame, heat dissipation holes, a connector, an air filter screen and a drying bag. The device is unique in structure, and the device can be horizontally or vertically mounted through the mounting feet of the device. The shell door is hinged to one side of the shell body of the device. When the shelldoor is opened, electrical components can be installed on the component mounting frame in the shell body. The installation and maintenance of the electrical components of the device are greatly facilitated, and the assembly and maintenance efficiency of the device can be improved. The device comprises a heat dissipation mechanism, and when the heat dissipation mechanism works, dry air with low temperature can be formed, and the air with low temperature can be blown into the shell body of the device. Therefore, heat dissipation of the interior of the shell body is facilitated, the device has high heat dissipation capacity, and the service life of the device can be guaranteed.