The invention discloses an underwater outer circular pipe cleaning and detecting robot, which comprises a chassis, a propeller propulsion system, a center of gravity adjusting mechanism, a cleaning system, a manipulator, a light communication system and an operation detecting tool. The chassis is located below the robot, and is used for providing a stable operation platform to support and drive the robot to crawl; The propeller propulsion system is fixed on the upper part of the chassis for driving the robot to suspend; The center of gravity adjusting mechanism is located below the chassis foradjusting the center of gravity position of the robot. The cleaning system is fixed under the front part of the chassis and is used for underwater cleaning. The manipulator is fixed on the front partof the robot chassis and used for grasping the operation detection tool. Light communication system is used to provide lighting, camera and external communication functions. At that same time, the invention has the function of cleaning and detection, has flexible operation, small environmental influence, large operation time window and moderate operation cost, can provide a stable detection platform for the detection of offshore and underwater facilities, and improves the detection precision.