The invention relates to a detection system of a piezoelectric material, which comprises a power module, a digital signal processing (DSP) chip, an excitation matrix switch, a signal conditioning circuit, an analog matrix switch, a band pass filter, a signal scaling circuit, a personal computer (PC), a serial communication interface and a data table storage unit, or a central processing unit, a data acquisition and analog-digital (AD) conversion unit are utilized to replace the DSP chip to achieve the full functions of the DSP chip. The system can reflect the characteristics of the piezoelectric material by detecting the charge and discharge characteristics and resonance characteristics (LC characteristics) of excitation response in the circuit, and the characteristics of the piezoelectric material are compared with the set standard values, thereby selecting the piezoelectric material meeting the preset requirements. The system adopts the digital method and utilizes high-speed data acquisition to improve the sampling intensity of charge and discharge characteristic signals, thereby improving the success rate of selection; and the time sampling on resonant characteristic signals is carried out, the time domain is converted into the frequency domain through the discrete forurier transform (DFT), and the processing of resonant characteristic signals in the frequency domain is favorable for flexibly removing interferential components, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the system.