The invention relates to a noise elimination method based on signal and noise separation, and belongs to the technical field of geophysical exploration. The thought that effective waves are protected to the maximum degree and interference waves are suppressed to the maximum degree is adopted, firstly, signal and noise separation is conducted on a pre-stack seismic record, the pre-stack seismic record is separated into a signal model and a noise model, signal and noise separation is conducted on the noise model again, and the noise model is separated into a secondary signal model and a secondary noise model; the process is repeated two to three times; finally, data reconstruction is conducted on all the signal models separated previously, and then seismic data including most of effective signals are acquired, wherein noise of the seismic data is completely removed. The influences of all kinds of noise caused by the complex near-surface condition are avoided, the limitation that an existing denoising method is single in technology application is overcome, and the method has the advantages of being good in amplitude preservation, obvious in effect and wide in market application prospect.