The invention belongs to the field of computer vision, and provides good detail while improving image contrast, and the natural performance of the tone is kept while the noise is suppressed. An underwater image enhancement method based on structure-texture layering comprises the steps of firstly, carrying out color correction through histogram equalization, decomposing the image subjected to colorcorrection into a low-frequency structural layer and a high-frequency texture layer, leaving the noise on the texture layer, accurately estimating the transmission rate from the structural layer without noise based on a proposed fog line model to conduct enhancement processing, enhancing the texture layer by using a gradient residue minimization method, reconstructing the reinforced structural layer, the texture layer and the refined edge mask to form a final enhanced image through scaling, so that the problems that can not be solved through existing technology is solved. The method is mainlyapplied to underwater image enhancement and processing occasions.