The invention discloses a rodent identification and analysis method based on deep learning and transfer learning, and belongs to the technical field of animal classification and image processing. The method comprises the following steps: S1, carrying out rodent video acquisition and preprocessing; S2,making a rodent data set; S3, constructing and training a rodent model; S4,carrying out rodent detection; S5, carrying out rodent image cutting and super-resolution reconstruction; S6, segmenting each part of the rodent image; S7, carrying out data cleaning and calculation of all body index data; and S8, classifying rodents. The invention has the beneficial effects that detection, classification and segmentation of each part of the rodent are realized based on a deep learning method, and each body index data of the rodent is calculated, so that the rodent detection accuracy and efficiency are effectively improved, the traditional rodent classification mode is changed. And each part of the rodent can be automatically segmented, so that animal protection and pest prevention and control work can be favorably carried out.