35results about How to "Potential variation" patented technology

A prestage for generating a control signal for an output driver of an integrated circuit, wherein the integrated circuit can be provided with a reference potential and a supply potential fixed in relation to the reference potential, comprises an input for receiving an input signal from the integrated circuit, a circuitry for generating an output signal based on the received input signal, an output for outputting the generated output signals as control signal for an output driver as well as a current source, which is effectively connected to the circuitry. Thereby, the circuitry for generating an output signal and the current source are connected in series and connected to a first potential and a second potential such that a prestage potential difference across the series circuit is higher than a supply potential difference between the supply potential and the reference potential. Such a prestage has the advantage that it is less sensitive against variations on the reference potential or the reference potential, respectively, than conventional circuitries and can generate an output signal with well defined rise times.

The invention provides a laminate-type electrophotographic photoreceptor for use in a negative charge system, comprising a conductive support, and a photosensitive layer containing a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer, on the conductive support, wherein in addition to a fluorene compound and a diamine compound which are responsible for charge transport, a compound having a specific structure is used in combination.

An image forming apparatus includes a latent image forming unit that forms a latent image on an image bearing member, a developing unit that develops the latent image to obtain a developer image, and a transfer unit that transfers the developer image to a recording medium. A first supply unit supplies a voltage to a charging unit and the transfer unit, with the first supply unit including a transformer, and a second supply unit supplies a voltage to the transfer unit, with the second supply unit including a transformer and supplying a voltage supplied opposite in polarity to the voltage supplied from the first supply unit. In addition, a detection unit detects current flowing through the transfer unit, and a control unit is configured to control power supply. When a power is supplied from the first supply unit to the charging unit, the control unit sets a discharge start voltage in which discharging starts between the image bearing member and the charging unit is based on a current detected by the detection unit, and when power is supplied from the second supply unit to the transfer unit, the control unit sets one or more adjusted voltages by calculating one or more voltages to be supplied from the transfer unit so that a current detected by the detection unit is to be a predetermined value. The first supply unit supplies a voltage to the charging unit based on the discharge start voltage and the adjusted voltage set by the control unit.